{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2141164413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211412","title":"Bootstrapping SVM active learning by incorporating unlabelled images for image retrieval","display_name":"Bootstrapping SVM active learning by incorporating unlabelled images for image retrieval","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2141164413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211412","mag":"2141164413"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211412","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2003 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1790&context=eispapers","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435848","display_name":"Lei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0961-0441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109105937","display_name":"Kap Luk Chan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kap Luk Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100393609","display_name":"Zhihua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6449-4332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100435848"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2678,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":95,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97617681,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"I","last_page":"629"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bootstrapping","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","score":0.8058727979660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7691303491592407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7589566707611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7338448762893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-retrieval","display_name":"Image retrieval","score":0.6437790393829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5872780084609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.532389760017395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5106828808784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.44465380907058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.36640864610671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1450512409210205}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207609745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4944086","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","level":2,"score":0.8058727979660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7691303491592407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7589566707611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7338448762893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.6437790393829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5872780084609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.532389760017395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5106828808784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44465380907058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.36640864610671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1450512409210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211412","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2003 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ro.uow.edu.au:eispapers-1790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ro.uow.edu.au/eispapers/784","pdf_url":"https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1790&context=eispapers","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400510","display_name":"Research Online (University of Wollongong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","host_organization_name":"University of Wollongong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A","raw_type":"presentation"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1.2956","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1.2956","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.ust.hk/~zhzhang/papers/cvpractive03.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27761712","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ro.uow.edu.au:eispapers-1790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ro.uow.edu.au/eispapers/784","pdf_url":"https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1790&context=eispapers","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400510","display_name":"Research Online (University of Wollongong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","host_organization_name":"University of Wollongong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A","raw_type":"presentation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"No poverty"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2141164413.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2141164413.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483816357","https://openalex.org/W1514940655","https://openalex.org/W1537966070","https://openalex.org/W1574862351","https://openalex.org/W1969294188","https://openalex.org/W2048679005","https://openalex.org/W2097005463","https://openalex.org/W2097089247","https://openalex.org/W2101498401","https://openalex.org/W2107008379","https://openalex.org/W2125337348","https://openalex.org/W2130660124","https://openalex.org/W2133604244","https://openalex.org/W2138079527","https://openalex.org/W2141699782"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534274833","https://openalex.org/W3117246195","https://openalex.org/W156620619","https://openalex.org/W2616249226","https://openalex.org/W2098233217","https://openalex.org/W2914363205","https://openalex.org/W2997844990","https://openalex.org/W1598221548","https://openalex.org/W2081850291","https://openalex.org/W1963695443"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"performance":[1],"of":[2,36,81],"image":[3,62],"retrieval":[4,93],"with":[5,16,49],"SVM":[6,45,82],"active":[7,83],"learning":[8,38,84],"is":[9,26,47],"known":[10],"to":[11],"be":[12,86],"poor":[13],"when":[14],"started":[15],"few":[17,51],"labeled":[18,52],"images":[19,32,53,57,75],"only.":[20],"In":[21,40],"this":[22,41],"paper,":[23],"the":[24,30,34,37,43,50,55,61,77,79,91],"problem":[25],"solved":[27],"by":[28,72],"incorporating":[29,73],"unlabelled":[31,56,74],"into":[33],"bootstrapping":[35],"process.":[39],"work,":[42],"initial":[44],"classifier":[46],"trained":[48],"and":[54,67,88],"randomly":[58],"selected":[59],"from":[60],"database.":[63],"Both":[64],"theoretical":[65],"analysis":[66],"experimental":[68],"results":[69],"show":[70],"that":[71],"in":[76],"bootstrapping,":[78],"efficiency":[80],"can":[85],"improved,":[87],"thus":[89],"improves":[90],"overall":[92],"performance.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}