{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2140681449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211345","title":"Man-made structure detection in natural images using a causal multiscale random field","display_name":"Man-made structure detection in natural images using a causal multiscale random field","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2140681449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211345","mag":"2140681449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211345","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211345","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2003 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Man-Made_Structure_Detection_in_Natural_Images_using_a_Causal_Multiscale_Random_Field/6555488","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018301052","display_name":"Sanjiv Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4080-1414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075246991","display_name":"Martial Hebert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4566-5930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Hebert","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018301052"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5418,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97768049,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"I","last_page":"119"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6392237544059753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6290427446365356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5927637815475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-independence","display_name":"Conditional independence","score":0.5846938490867615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-field","display_name":"Conditional random field","score":0.5445048213005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5424038767814636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independence","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","score":0.5276790261268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-field","display_name":"Random field","score":0.4781823456287384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.46902456879615784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.42645081877708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4263274371623993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3345707654953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27600109577178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.0879349410533905}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6392237544059753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6290427446365356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5927637815475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79772020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159264","display_name":"Conditional independence","level":2,"score":0.5846938490867615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.5445048213005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5424038767814636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.5276790261268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130402806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5361768","display_name":"Random field","level":2,"score":0.4781823456287384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.46902456879615784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.42645081877708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4263274371623993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3345707654953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27600109577178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0879349410533905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211345","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211345","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2003 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.cmu.edu:robotics-1435","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.cmu.edu/robotics/436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400668","display_name":"Research Showcase @ Carnegie Mellon University (Carnegie Mellon University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","host_organization_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Robotics Institute","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.9.4013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.9.4013","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~skumar/structureDetection/kumars_structure.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/6555488","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Man-Made_Structure_Detection_in_Natural_Images_using_a_Causal_Multiscale_Random_Field/6555488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.1184/r1/6555488.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1184/r1/6555488.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050927","display_name":"KiltHub Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/6555488","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Man-Made_Structure_Detection_in_Natural_Images_using_a_Causal_Multiscale_Random_Field/6555488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1566135517","https://openalex.org/W1651266332","https://openalex.org/W2018839022","https://openalex.org/W2030007476","https://openalex.org/W2040271314","https://openalex.org/W2074701880","https://openalex.org/W2092041043","https://openalex.org/W2101897555","https://openalex.org/W2103745177","https://openalex.org/W2111053962","https://openalex.org/W2113937139","https://openalex.org/W2115530502","https://openalex.org/W2117766076","https://openalex.org/W2125781844","https://openalex.org/W2131992491","https://openalex.org/W2136555917","https://openalex.org/W2149284682","https://openalex.org/W2153518451","https://openalex.org/W2159080219"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356597680","https://openalex.org/W2093471820","https://openalex.org/W50079190","https://openalex.org/W2114846443","https://openalex.org/W3102147106","https://openalex.org/W2293372754","https://openalex.org/W2042697870","https://openalex.org/W2151322733","https://openalex.org/W2765126435","https://openalex.org/W1719651905"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,21,33,66,123],"generative":[4],"model":[5,35],"based":[6],"approach":[7,19,111],"to":[8,57],"man-made":[9,98],"structure":[10],"detection":[11],"in":[12,62],"2D":[13],"(two-dimensional)":[14],"natural":[15],"images.":[16],"The":[17,70,109],"proposed":[18,110],"uses":[20],"causal":[22],"multiscale":[23,67,74],"random":[24],"field":[25],"suggested":[26],"by":[27],"Bouman":[28],"and":[29,122],"Shapiro":[30],"(1994)":[31],"as":[32,79],"prior":[34],"on":[36,40,105,114],"the":[37,41,48,52,59,63,73,93,118],"class":[38],"labels":[39],"image":[42],"sites.":[43],"However,":[44],"instead":[45],"of":[46,51,72,81,85,97],"assuming":[47],"conditional":[49],"independence":[50],"observed":[53],"data,":[54],"we":[55],"propose":[56],"capture":[58],"local":[60],"dependencies":[61],"data":[64,120],"using":[65],"feature":[68,75],"vector.":[69],"distribution":[71],"vectors":[76],"is":[77,89,129],"modeled":[78],"mixture":[80],"Gaussians.":[82],"A":[83],"set":[84],"robust":[86],"multi-scale":[87],"features":[88],"presented":[90],"that":[91],"captures":[92],"general":[94],"statistical":[95],"properties":[96],"structures":[99],"at":[100],"multiple":[101],"scales":[102],"without":[103],"relying":[104],"explicit":[106],"edge":[107],"detection.":[108],"was":[112],"validated":[113],"real-world":[115],"images":[116],"from":[117],"Corel":[119],"set,":[121],"performance":[124],"comparison":[125],"with":[126],"other":[127],"techniques":[128],"presented.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}