{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1980000994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ctte.2007.4389889","title":"Free Space Optical Technology as an alternative Last-Mile Solution: A Techno-Economic Analysis","display_name":"Free Space Optical Technology as an alternative Last-Mile Solution: A Techno-Economic Analysis","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1980000994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ctte.2007.4389889","mag":"1980000994"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ctte.2007.4389889","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ctte.2007.4389889","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 6th Conference on Telecommunication Techno-Economics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064147379","display_name":"Theodoros Rokkas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-657X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodoros Rokkas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","Nat. & Kapodistrian Univ. of Athens, Athens#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. & Kapodistrian Univ. of Athens, Athens#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076114190","display_name":"Thomas Kamalakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4288-1438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Kamalakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","Nat. & Kapodistrian Univ. of Athens, Athens#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. & Kapodistrian Univ. of Athens, Athens#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064910766","display_name":"Dimitris Katsianis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7094-4029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitris Katsianis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","Nat. & Kapodistrian Univ. of Athens, Athens#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. & Kapodistrian Univ. of Athens, Athens#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090459546","display_name":"Dimitris Varoutas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-6221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitris Varoutas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","Nat. & Kapodistrian Univ. of Athens, Athens#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. & Kapodistrian Univ. of Athens, Athens#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113568676","display_name":"Thomas Sphicopoulos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Sphicopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","Nat. & Kapodistrian Univ. of Athens, Athens#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. & Kapodistrian Univ. of Athens, Athens#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9982,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69172302,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"5465","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mile","display_name":"Mile","score":0.6446158289909363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-to-the-x","display_name":"Fiber to the x","score":0.5692898631095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5377346277236938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.5005097389221191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-analysis","display_name":"Economic analysis","score":0.46233269572257996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/last-mile","display_name":"Last mile (transportation)","score":0.4451201260089874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4167472720146179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.41146671772003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-optical-network","display_name":"Passive optical network","score":0.3925890326499939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","score":0.20757433772087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.19324785470962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.14250448346138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1043652892112732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186379835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253276","display_name":"Mile","level":2,"score":0.6446158289909363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170290021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586034","display_name":"Fiber to the x","level":5,"score":0.5692898631095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5377346277236938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.5005097389221191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985697011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economic analysis","level":2,"score":0.46233269572257996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45440154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6494801","display_name":"Last mile (transportation)","level":3,"score":0.4451201260089874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4167472720146179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.41146671772003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204827203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027795","display_name":"Passive optical network","level":4,"score":0.3925890326499939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160724564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620670","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.20757433772087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.19324785470962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.14250448346138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1043652892112732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ctte.2007.4389889","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ctte.2007.4389889","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 6th Conference on Telecommunication Techno-Economics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87014220","https://openalex.org/W294076282","https://openalex.org/W1988287951","https://openalex.org/W2003005180","https://openalex.org/W2039183034","https://openalex.org/W2096236114","https://openalex.org/W2103619627","https://openalex.org/W2136508238","https://openalex.org/W3124209882","https://openalex.org/W6610597026"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4224920455","https://openalex.org/W2974961843","https://openalex.org/W4387715617","https://openalex.org/W2736109931","https://openalex.org/W2525242198","https://openalex.org/W2075280196","https://openalex.org/W4391768511","https://openalex.org/W4387147337","https://openalex.org/W2263936574","https://openalex.org/W2997910527"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,71],"techno-economic":[4],"evaluation":[5],"of":[6,10],"the":[7,38,41,77],"business":[8,95],"prospects":[9],"Free":[11],"Space":[12],"Optical":[13],"(KSO)":[14],"technology":[15,68],"as":[16],"an":[17],"alternative":[18,73],"last":[19],"mile":[20],"solution":[21],"is":[22,35,81],"carried":[23],"out":[24],"and":[25,30,54,58,83],"compared":[26],"to":[27],"Fiber-to-the-Home/Office":[28],"(FTTH)":[29],"Fiber-to-the-Cabinet":[31],"(FFTC).":[32],"The":[33,63],"analysis":[34],"based":[36],"on":[37],"results":[39,64],"from":[40],"TONIC":[42],"tool":[43],"which":[44],"takes":[45],"into":[46],"account":[47],"network":[48],"topology,":[49],"area":[50],"characteristics,":[51],"service":[52],"demand":[53],"price":[55],"evolution":[56],"forecasting":[57],"calculates":[59],"key":[60],"economic":[61],"figures-of-merits.":[62],"reveal":[65],"that":[66],"FSO":[67],"could":[69],"provide":[70],"viable":[72],"in":[74],"cases":[75],"where":[76],"existing":[78],"duct":[79],"availability":[80],"limited":[82],"scenarios":[84],"with":[85],"either":[86],"FTTH":[87],"or":[88,92],"FFTC":[89],"have":[90],"negative":[91],"less":[93],"favourable":[94],"prospects.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
