{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020504270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cts.2014.6867561","title":"REDIR: Automated static detection of obfuscated anti-debugging techniques","display_name":"REDIR: Automated static detection of obfuscated anti-debugging techniques","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020504270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cts.2014.6867561","mag":"2020504270"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cts.2014.6867561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cts.2014.6867561","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050200171","display_name":"Adam J. de Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4880-7543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799950915","display_name":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/0097e1k27","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adam J. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Institute of Technology, Ohio","Center for Cyberspace Res., Air Force Inst. of Technol., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Institute of Technology, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410","https://openalex.org/I2799950915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyberspace Res., Air Force Inst. of Technol., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036354767","display_name":"Robert F. Mills","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9404-7616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799950915","display_name":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/0097e1k27","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert F. Mills","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Institute of Technology, Ohio","Center for Cyberspace Res., Air Force Inst. of Technol., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Institute of Technology, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410","https://openalex.org/I2799950915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyberspace Res., Air Force Inst. of Technol., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080484215","display_name":"Adam R. Bryant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8560-5951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132419","display_name":"Riverside Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tvg0w73","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132419"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam R. Bryant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Riverside Research, Cyber Research Laboratory, Beavercreek, OH","Cyber Res. Lab., Riverside Res., Beavercreek, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Riverside Research, Cyber Research Laboratory, Beavercreek, OH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber Res. Lab., Riverside Res., Beavercreek, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085916845","display_name":"Gilbert L. Peterson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6241-3084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799950915","display_name":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/0097e1k27","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilbert L. Peterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Institute of Technology, Ohio","Center for Cyberspace Res., Air Force Inst. of Technol., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Institute of Technology, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410","https://openalex.org/I2799950915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyberspace Res., Air Force Inst. of Technol., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078299741","display_name":"Michael R. Grimaila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8355-7992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799950915","display_name":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/0097e1k27","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael R. Grimaila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Institute of Technology, Ohio","Center for Cyberspace Res., Air Force Inst. of Technol., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Institute of Technology, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410","https://openalex.org/I2799950915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyberspace Res., Air Force Inst. of Technol., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050200171"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I55061410"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5823,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66199873,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"173","last_page":"180"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugger","display_name":"Debugger","score":0.9579625129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.9467544555664062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8365107774734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-program-debugging","display_name":"Algorithmic program debugging","score":0.7783365249633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6166049242019653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-debug-mode-interface","display_name":"Background debug mode interface","score":0.587108314037323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.501835823059082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5012176036834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.46454501152038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flash-memory-emulator","display_name":"Flash memory emulator","score":0.41679874062538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.41576799750328064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.4028990566730499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3654768168926239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09531798958778381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.08384701609611511}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778485113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193231","display_name":"Debugger","level":3,"score":0.9579625129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.9467544555664062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8365107774734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136388014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084976","display_name":"Algorithmic program debugging","level":3,"score":0.7783365249633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6166049242019653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124774103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4839640","display_name":"Background debug mode interface","level":3,"score":0.587108314037323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.501835823059082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5012176036834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.46454501152038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96535780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5457561","display_name":"Flash memory emulator","level":5,"score":0.41679874062538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.41576799750328064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.4028990566730499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3654768168926239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09531798958778381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.08384701609611511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27670709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5457555","display_name":"Flash file system","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92855701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5830907","display_name":"Computer memory","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cts.2014.6867561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cts.2014.6867561","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17195072","https://openalex.org/W109909280","https://openalex.org/W215336119","https://openalex.org/W345398754","https://openalex.org/W1544837488","https://openalex.org/W1595564425","https://openalex.org/W1793588810","https://openalex.org/W2018344106","https://openalex.org/W2024170198","https://openalex.org/W2026272086","https://openalex.org/W2030906223","https://openalex.org/W2084999948","https://openalex.org/W2116148009","https://openalex.org/W2126851641","https://openalex.org/W2130598194","https://openalex.org/W2161250594","https://openalex.org/W2162641914","https://openalex.org/W2176386715","https://openalex.org/W2559900996","https://openalex.org/W4242554684","https://openalex.org/W6604490274","https://openalex.org/W6632679741","https://openalex.org/W6730753116"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4235144968","https://openalex.org/W2540138467","https://openalex.org/W4384377074","https://openalex.org/W2509342195","https://openalex.org/W2801084903","https://openalex.org/W564953056","https://openalex.org/W2800641345","https://openalex.org/W71991336","https://openalex.org/W2381239448","https://openalex.org/W2899875271"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reverse":[0],"Code":[1,15],"Engineering":[2],"(RCE)":[3],"to":[4,47,81,158,166],"detect":[5],"anti-debugging":[6,19,41,103,144],"techniques":[7,42,145],"in":[8,135],"software":[9],"is":[10,17,43,121],"a":[11,44,76,82,99,124,133,152,156,160],"very":[12],"difficult":[13],"task.":[14,57],"obfuscation":[16],"an":[18,89,107,115],"technique":[20,104],"makes":[21],"detection":[22,38],"even":[23],"more":[24],"challenging.":[25],"The":[26,118],"Rule":[27],"Engine":[28],"Detection":[29],"by":[30,74],"Intermediate":[31,65],"Representation":[32,66],"(REDIR)":[33],"system":[34,120],"for":[35,102],"automated":[36],"static":[37],"of":[39,71,84,114,151],"obfuscated":[40],"prototype":[45],"designed":[46],"help":[48],"the":[49,61,69,95,112,128,136,149,167],"RCE":[50],"analyst":[51],"improve":[52],"performance":[53],"through":[54,165],"this":[55],"tedious":[56],"Three":[58],"tenets":[59],"form":[60],"REDIR":[62,119,130],"foundation.":[63],"First,":[64],"(IR)":[67],"improves":[68],"analyzability":[70],"binary":[72],"programs":[73],"reducing":[75],"large":[77],"instruction":[78],"set":[79],"down":[80],"handful":[83],"semantically":[85],"equivalent":[86],"statements.":[87],"Next,":[88],"Expert":[90],"System":[91],"(ES)":[92],"rule-engine":[93],"searches":[94],"IR":[96,108],"and":[97,146],"initiates":[98],"sense-making":[100],"process":[101,110],"detection.":[105],"Finally,":[106],"analysis":[109],"confirms":[111],"presence":[113,150],"anti-debug":[116],"technique.":[117],"implemented":[122],"as":[123],"debugger":[125,153],"plug-in.":[126],"Within":[127],"debugger,":[129],"interacts":[131],"with":[132],"program":[134,157],"disassembly":[137],"view.":[138],"Debugger":[139],"users":[140],"can":[141],"instantly":[142],"highlight":[143],"determine":[147],"if":[148],"will":[154],"cause":[155],"take":[159],"conditional":[161],"jump":[162],"or":[163],"fall":[164],"next":[168],"instruction.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}