{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413679646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csr64739.2025.11130009","title":"Evaluating 5G-enabled EV Charging Infrastructure\u2019s Resilience Through Stealthy Cyber-Attacks","display_name":"Evaluating 5G-enabled EV Charging Infrastructure\u2019s Resilience Through Stealthy Cyber-Attacks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413679646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csr64739.2025.11130009"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/csr64739.2025.11130009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csr64739.2025.11130009","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience (CSR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CSR64739.2025.11130009","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119437526","display_name":"Dimitrios Psaltis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios Psaltis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Thessaly,Department of Energy Systems,Larissa,Greece,41500"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Thessaly,Department of Energy Systems,Larissa,Greece,41500","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095705957","display_name":"Konstantinos Ntouros","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Ntouros","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Thessaly,Department of Energy Systems,Larissa,Greece,41500"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Thessaly,Department of Energy Systems,Larissa,Greece,41500","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076338496","display_name":"Alexios Lekidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8243-7075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexios Lekidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Thessaly,Department of Energy Systems,Larissa,Greece,41500"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Thessaly,Department of Energy Systems,Larissa,Greece,41500","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046047424","display_name":"Sotirios Brotsis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6053-7980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sotirios Brotsis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Thessaly,Department of Energy Systems,Larissa,Greece,41500"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Thessaly,Department of Energy Systems,Larissa,Greece,41500","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054122221","display_name":"Nicholas Kolokotronis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0660-8431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Kolokotronis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Thessaly,Department of Energy Systems,Larissa,Greece,41500"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Thessaly,Department of Energy Systems,Larissa,Greece,41500","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5119437526"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0626,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80380082,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"923","last_page":"928"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9749000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9749000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9229999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12017","display_name":"Recycling and Waste Management Techniques","score":0.9092000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.7903149724006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6264469027519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5313965082168579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","score":0.5172882080078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-threats","display_name":"Cyber threats","score":0.4376221001148224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.33274200558662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0997297465801239}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.7903149724006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6264469027519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5313965082168579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.5172882080078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018725008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4071928","display_name":"Cyber threats","level":2,"score":0.4376221001148224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.33274200558662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0997297465801239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/csr64739.2025.11130009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csr64739.2025.11130009","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience (CSR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:17786168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CSR64739.2025.11130009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CSR, 2025 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience, Chania, Crete, Greece, 04-06 August 2025","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:17786168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CSR64739.2025.11130009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CSR, 2025 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience, Chania, Crete, Greece, 04-06 August 2025","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2493741781","https://openalex.org/W4286492231","https://openalex.org/W3169952320","https://openalex.org/W4385250032","https://openalex.org/W3088911518","https://openalex.org/W3110311961","https://openalex.org/W4229008871","https://openalex.org/W4242728933","https://openalex.org/W2493430149","https://openalex.org/W2767924451"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,42],"adoption":[1],"of":[2,52,116,127,153,175],"Electric":[3],"Vehicles":[4],"(EVs)":[5],"over":[6],"the":[7,16,49,62,70,80,89,108,113,117,125,134,139,145,151,154,162,169,176,183],"last":[8],"years":[9],"has":[10,26],"gained":[11],"increased":[12,46],"attention":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,40,68,79,167],"technological,":[17],"financial,":[18],"and":[19,31,59,73,103,138,149,178],"environmental":[20],"gains":[21],"they":[22],"offer.":[23],"However,":[24],"it":[25],"also":[27,38],"introduced":[28],"a":[29,96,172],"vast":[30],"exponentially":[32],"growing":[33],"threat":[34,63],"landscape,":[35],"which":[36],"is":[37,44,165],"complex":[39],"analyze.":[41],"complexity":[43],"even":[45],"when":[47,129],"considering":[48],"current":[50,114],"integration":[51],"EV":[53,109,135],"chargers":[54],"in":[55],"5G-oriented":[56],"network":[57],"slices":[58],"architectures.":[60],"Hence,":[61],"landscape":[64],"analysis":[65],"becomes":[66],"crucial":[67],"derive":[69],"Tactics,":[71],"Techniques,":[72],"Procedures":[74],"(TTPs)":[75],"that":[76,164],"are":[77,123,132],"applicable":[78],"EV-oriented":[81],"ecosystem":[82],"as":[83,85],"well":[84],"their":[86,105,180],"impact":[87,106,181],"on":[88,107,182],"underlying":[90],"charging":[91,110,136,155,184],"infrastructure.":[92,111,185],"This":[93],"paper":[94],"proposes":[95],"framework":[97],"for":[98],"conducting":[99],"stealthy":[100],"attack":[101,121],"scenarios":[102],"validating":[104],"In":[112],"version":[115],"framework,":[118],"two":[119],"prominent":[120],"types":[122],"included:":[124],"Denial":[126],"Charge":[128],"legitimate":[130],"users":[131],"using":[133],"stations":[137],"False":[140],"Data":[141],"Injection,":[142],"tampering":[143],"with":[144],"meter":[146],"values":[147],"during":[148],"at":[150],"end":[152],"transaction.":[156],"For":[157],"these":[158],"scenarios,":[159],"we":[160],"describe":[161],"testbed":[163],"used":[166],"conduct":[168],"cyber-attacks,":[170],"provide":[171],"detailed":[173],"overview":[174],"TTPs,":[177],"demonstrate":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
