{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402811894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csr61664.2024.10679508","title":"Novel Approach to Tor User De-Anonymization: Client-Side Generated Watermark","display_name":"Novel Approach to Tor User De-Anonymization: Client-Side Generated Watermark","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402811894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csr61664.2024.10679508"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/csr61664.2024.10679508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csr61664.2024.10679508","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience (CSR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003985977","display_name":"Daniel R. L. Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4214-3114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lassonde School of Engineering, York University,Toronto,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lassonde School of Engineering, York University,Toronto,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079596413","display_name":"Natalija Vlajic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9921-0128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalija Vlajic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lassonde School of Engineering, York University,Toronto,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lassonde School of Engineering, York University,Toronto,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003985977"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13774252,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"90","last_page":"95"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7845197916030884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/client-side","display_name":"Client-side","score":0.7650577425956726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.6333659887313843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.5471252202987671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.39966198801994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3390524983406067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2907249331474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15776285529136658}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7845197916030884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202477664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1352449","display_name":"Client-side","level":2,"score":0.7650577425956726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.6333659887313843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.5471252202987671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.39966198801994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3390524983406067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2907249331474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15776285529136658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/csr61664.2024.10679508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csr61664.2024.10679508","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience (CSR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041221349","https://openalex.org/W2056524697","https://openalex.org/W3025003062","https://openalex.org/W3089115757","https://openalex.org/W3090884130","https://openalex.org/W4225539607","https://openalex.org/W4391019849"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2358993821","https://openalex.org/W1516446231","https://openalex.org/W2098152888","https://openalex.org/W1559740347","https://openalex.org/W2040356834","https://openalex.org/W2080353903","https://openalex.org/W2385289568","https://openalex.org/W2381486749","https://openalex.org/W1514507288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"of":[1,11,18,26,36,81,95],"the":[2,23,50,79,103],"existing":[3],"techniques":[4],"for":[5],"Tor":[6,83],"user":[7,56],"de-anonymization":[8,57],"by":[9,33],"means":[10],"traffic-watermarks":[12],"are":[13],"generally":[14],"implemented":[15,73],"through":[16],"utilization/modulation":[17],"server-side":[19,27],"originating":[20,28,62],"traffic.":[21],"Unfortunately,":[22],"real-world":[24,93],"effectiveness":[25],"watermarks":[29],"is":[30],"often":[31],"hindered":[32],"significant":[34],"amounts":[35],"traffic":[37],"noise":[38],"that":[39,59],"accumulates":[40],"along":[41],"Tor's":[42],"communication":[43],"pathways.":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46,69],"paper,":[47],"we":[48],"outline":[49],"key":[51],"ideas":[52],"behind":[53],"our":[54,96],"novel":[55],"technique":[58],"utilizes":[60],"client-side":[61],"watermarks.":[63],"We":[64,88],"describe":[65],"some":[66],"potential":[67],"ways":[68],"scheme":[70],"could":[71],"be":[72],"in":[74,102],"practice":[75],"while":[76],"not":[77],"requiring":[78],"control":[80],"any":[82],"node":[84],"or":[85],"other":[86],"resource.":[87],"also":[89],"demonstrate":[90],"significantly":[91],"superior":[92],"performance":[94],"approach":[97],"vs":[98],"those":[99],"previously":[100],"discussed":[101],"literature.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}