{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402811501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csr61664.2024.10679446","title":"Towards GPU Accelerated FHE Computations","display_name":"Towards GPU Accelerated FHE Computations","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402811501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csr61664.2024.10679446"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/csr61664.2024.10679446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csr61664.2024.10679446","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience (CSR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/files/328767668/Towards_GPU_Accelerated_FHE_Computations_PREPRINT.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002352368","display_name":"Orion Papadakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6486-8103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Orion Papadakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Manchester,Department of Computer Science,Manchester,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Manchester,Department of Computer Science,Manchester,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110606145","display_name":"Michail Papadimitriou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6670-0638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michail Papadimitriou","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Manchester,Department of Computer Science,Manchester,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Manchester,Department of Computer Science,Manchester,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066105824","display_name":"Athanasios Stratikopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0154-4523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Athanasios Stratikopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Manchester,Department of Computer Science,Manchester,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Manchester,Department of Computer Science,Manchester,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039782760","display_name":"Maria Xekalaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8678-8043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Xekalaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Manchester,Department of Computer Science,Manchester,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Manchester,Department of Computer Science,Manchester,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015294945","display_name":"Juan Fumero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1245-6836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Fumero","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Manchester,Department of Computer Science,Manchester,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Manchester,Department of Computer Science,Manchester,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067900257","display_name":"Nikos Foutris","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikos Foutris","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Manchester,Department of Computer Science,Manchester,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Manchester,Department of Computer Science,Manchester,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049593939","display_name":"Christos Kotselidis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos Kotselidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Manchester,Department of Computer Science,Manchester,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Manchester,Department of Computer Science,Manchester,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4325,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60191162,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"694","last_page":"699"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.8694999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.8694999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.8587999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.7689999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7129477858543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6233826875686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5295615792274475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-purpose-computing-on-graphics-processing-units","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","score":0.5111351609230042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuda","display_name":"CUDA","score":0.4778299331665039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.46605783700942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3864791691303253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1792146861553192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.14768382906913757}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7129477858543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6233826875686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5295615792274475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50630238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971505","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","level":3,"score":0.5111351609230042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477690","display_name":"CUDA","level":2,"score":0.4778299331665039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.46605783700942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3864791691303253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1792146861553192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.14768382906913757}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/csr61664.2024.10679446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csr61664.2024.10679446","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience (CSR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/4fcc5236-b8dc-4a58-bf2f-ca3a793e0cf7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/4fcc5236-b8dc-4a58-bf2f-ca3a793e0cf7","pdf_url":"https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/files/328767668/Towards_GPU_Accelerated_FHE_Computations_PREPRINT.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Papadakis, O, Papadimitriou, M, Stratikopoulos, A, Xekalaki, M, Fumero Alfonso, J, Foutris, N & Kotselidis, C-E 2024, 'Towards GPU Accelerated FHE Computations'.","raw_type":"conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:13904002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CSR61664.2024.10679446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CSR, IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience, London, United Kingdom, 02-04 September 2024","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/4fcc5236-b8dc-4a58-bf2f-ca3a793e0cf7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/4fcc5236-b8dc-4a58-bf2f-ca3a793e0cf7","pdf_url":"https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/files/328767668/Towards_GPU_Accelerated_FHE_Computations_PREPRINT.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Papadakis, O, Papadimitriou, M, Stratikopoulos, A, Xekalaki, M, Fumero Alfonso, J, Foutris, N & Kotselidis, C-E 2024, 'Towards GPU Accelerated FHE Computations'.","raw_type":"conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5433392419","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10039809","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6385839423","display_name":"A SCALABLE AND PRACTICAL PRIVACY-PRESERVING FRAMEWORK","funder_award_id":"101070670","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402811501.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17575016","https://openalex.org/W913176383","https://openalex.org/W1504384386","https://openalex.org/W1509320652","https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2144645218","https://openalex.org/W2152926062","https://openalex.org/W2330672121","https://openalex.org/W2544955103","https://openalex.org/W2768174108","https://openalex.org/W2792565434","https://openalex.org/W2885339274","https://openalex.org/W2897432283","https://openalex.org/W3035046450","https://openalex.org/W3116767319","https://openalex.org/W3182478132","https://openalex.org/W4224212968","https://openalex.org/W4236580217","https://openalex.org/W4386528112","https://openalex.org/W4388819580","https://openalex.org/W6730371539","https://openalex.org/W6773415642","https://openalex.org/W6778434676","https://openalex.org/W6787821148","https://openalex.org/W6794044308"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963859303","https://openalex.org/W2364044215","https://openalex.org/W2389600408","https://openalex.org/W240129890","https://openalex.org/W3048701459","https://openalex.org/W3213381848","https://openalex.org/W2149078538","https://openalex.org/W2080146221","https://openalex.org/W2370314112","https://openalex.org/W1912958759"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fully":[0],"homomorphic":[1],"encryption":[2],"(FHE)":[3],"enables":[4],"pro-cessing":[5],"encrypted":[6],"data":[7,167],"without":[8],"revealing":[9],"sensitive":[10],"information,":[11],"making":[12],"it":[13],"applicable":[14],"in":[15,60],"fields":[16],"like":[17],"healthcare,":[18],"finance,":[19],"and":[20,30,46,92,116,165,171],"legal.":[21],"Despite":[22],"its":[23],"benefits,":[24],"FHE":[25,66,82],"has":[26],"high":[27],"computational":[28,114],"complexity":[29],"performance":[31,73,137,152],"overhead.":[32],"To":[33],"address":[34],"this,":[35],"researchers":[36],"have":[37],"explored":[38],"hardware":[39,85],"acceleration":[40],"using":[41],"Field-Programmable":[42],"Gate":[43],"Arrays":[44],"(FPGAs)":[45],"Graphics":[47],"Processing":[48],"Units":[49],"(GPUs).":[50],"FPGAs":[51],"are":[52],"suitable":[53],"for":[54,106,147,174],"low-latency":[55],"computations,":[56],"while":[57],"GPUs":[58,146],"excel":[59],"parallel,":[61],"high-throughput":[62],"tasks.":[63],"However,":[64,149],"widespread":[65],"adoption":[67],"remains":[68],"elusive":[69],"due":[70,159],"to":[71,84,112,135,156,160],"unresolved":[72],"issues.":[74],"This":[75],"paper":[76],"explores":[77],"the":[78,89,93,99,143,150,161,169],"challenges":[79],"of":[80,130,145,163,177],"offloading":[81],"computations":[83,121],"accelerators,":[86],"focusing":[87],"on":[88,102],"OpenFHE":[90,111],"library":[91],"Brakerski-Gentry-Vaikuntanathan":[94],"(BGV)":[95],"scheme.":[96],"It":[97],"is":[98,153],"first":[100],"study":[101],"adapting":[103],"this":[104],"scheme":[105],"GPU":[107],"acceleration.":[108],"We":[109],"profile":[110],"identify":[113],"bottlenecks":[115],"propose":[117],"integrating":[118],"parallelized":[119],"CUDA":[120],"within":[122],"OpenFHE.":[123],"Our":[124],"solution,":[125],"tested":[126],"with":[127],"varying":[128],"numbers":[129],"mul-tiplicative":[131],"depth,":[132],"shows":[133],"up":[134,155],"26x":[136],"improvement":[138],"over":[139,175],"non-accelerated":[140],"implementations,":[141],"proving":[142],"effectiveness":[144],"FHE.":[148],"end-to-end":[151],"still":[154],"2x":[157],"slower":[158],"overhead":[162],"marshaling":[164],"moving":[166],"between":[168],"CPU":[170],"GPU,":[172],"accounting":[173],"97%":[176],"execution":[178],"time.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}