{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3196524661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csr51186.2021.9527954","title":"A Backwards Compatible Approach to Authenticate Automatic Identification System Messages","display_name":"A Backwards Compatible Approach to Authenticate Automatic Identification System Messages","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3196524661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csr51186.2021.9527954","mag":"3196524661"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/csr51186.2021.9527954","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csr51186.2021.9527954","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience (CSR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064986370","display_name":"Malte Christian Struck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8746-7089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801538329","display_name":"Deutsches Schiffahrtsmuseum","ror":"https://ror.org/02hdxnq28","country_code":"DE","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801538329","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Malte Christian Struck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for the Protection of Maritime Infrastructures Maritime Security Technologies,German Aerospace Center,Bremerhaven,Germany","German Aerospace Center, Institute for the Protection of Maritime Infrastructures Maritime Security Technologies, Bremerhaven, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for the Protection of Maritime Infrastructures Maritime Security Technologies,German Aerospace Center,Bremerhaven,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801538329"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center, Institute for the Protection of Maritime Infrastructures Maritime Security Technologies, Bremerhaven, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074452368","display_name":"Jannis Stoppe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2952-3422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801538329","display_name":"Deutsches Schiffahrtsmuseum","ror":"https://ror.org/02hdxnq28","country_code":"DE","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801538329","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jannis Stoppe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for the Protection of Maritime Infrastructures Maritime Security Technologies,German Aerospace Center,Bremerhaven,Germany","German Aerospace Center, Institute for the Protection of Maritime Infrastructures Maritime Security Technologies, Bremerhaven, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for the Protection of Maritime Infrastructures Maritime Security Technologies,German Aerospace Center,Bremerhaven,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801538329"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center, Institute for the Protection of Maritime Infrastructures Maritime Security Technologies, Bremerhaven, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064986370"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801538329","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6791,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69147051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"524","last_page":"529"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12203","display_name":"Mobile Agent-Based Network Management","score":0.9735000133514404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12985","display_name":"Maritime Security and History","score":0.9532999992370605,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.8827535510063171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7497435808181763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.724284291267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.689606785774231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.6265373229980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-identification-system","display_name":"Automatic Identification System","score":0.6175849437713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crew","display_name":"Crew","score":0.530591607093811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.5190394520759583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.49945855140686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14049118757247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.09595495462417603}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.8827535510063171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7497435808181763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.724284291267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.689606785774231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.6265373229980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146997752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787197","display_name":"Automatic Identification System","level":2,"score":0.6175849437713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780179797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q345844","display_name":"Crew","level":2,"score":0.530591607093811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5190394520759583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.49945855140686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14049118757247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.09595495462417603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/csr51186.2021.9527954","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csr51186.2021.9527954","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience (CSR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:146789","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Konferenzbeitrag"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014239329","https://openalex.org/W2075236191","https://openalex.org/W2089032497","https://openalex.org/W2128683226","https://openalex.org/W2442854763","https://openalex.org/W2801300982","https://openalex.org/W2805937767","https://openalex.org/W2883922087","https://openalex.org/W2905540442","https://openalex.org/W2934411564"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3017138616","https://openalex.org/W2763821861","https://openalex.org/W1964111820","https://openalex.org/W1485630101","https://openalex.org/W1536235319","https://openalex.org/W2083338789","https://openalex.org/W2384497200","https://openalex.org/W4319588423","https://openalex.org/W2803721528","https://openalex.org/W3196524661"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"the":[1,69,94,122,131,138],"Automatic":[2],"Identification":[3],"System":[4],"(AIS)":[5],"has":[6,12],"been":[7],"introduced":[8],"in":[9,90,124],"2002,":[10],"it":[11],"become":[13],"a":[14,43,53,145],"backbone":[15],"of":[16,47,56,85,140],"maritime":[17],"navigation":[18],"to":[19,58,97,120],"prevent":[20],"collisions":[21],"with":[22,30],"other":[23],"vessels.":[24],"All":[25],"larger":[26],"ships":[27],"are":[28],"equipped":[29],"transponders":[31],"that":[32],"send":[33],"and":[34,51,82,108,129],"receive":[35,59],"information":[36,60],"about":[37,61],"nearby":[38],"vessels,":[39],"giving":[40],"bridge":[41],"crew":[42],"situational":[44],"awareness":[45],"picture":[46],"their":[48,112],"immediate":[49],"vicinity":[50],"allowing":[52],"broad":[54],"range":[55],"services":[57],"worldwide":[62],"vessel":[63],"movements.":[64],"However,":[65],"despite":[66,76],"its":[67],"ubiquity,":[68],"system":[70,95],"itself":[71],"operates":[72],"virtually":[73],"unsecured.":[74],"Essentially,":[75],"relying":[77],"on":[78],"inherently":[79],"insecure":[80],"channels":[81,123],"broadcasts,":[83],"authenticity":[84],"messages":[86],"is":[87],"not":[88],"questioned":[89],"current":[91,135],"systems,":[92],"making":[93],"vulnerable":[96],"spoofing":[98,127],"attacks.":[99],"This":[100],"paper":[101],"introduces":[102],"several":[103],"backwards":[104],"compatible":[105],"signature":[106],"schemes":[107],"compares":[109],"them":[110],"concerning":[111,137],"applicability.":[113],"The":[114],"proposed":[115],"solutions":[116],"all":[117],"provide":[118],"means":[119],"secure":[121],"use":[125],"against":[126],"attacks":[128],"at":[130],"same":[132],"time":[133],"solve":[134],"issues":[136],"validation":[139],"messages,":[141],"securing":[142],"AIS":[143],"as":[144],"whole":[146],"without":[147],"breaking":[148],"established":[149],"implementations.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2021-09-13T00:00:00"}
