{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3173728150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csr51186.2021.9527928","title":"Towards anomaly detection in smart grids by combining Complex Events Processing and SNMP objects","display_name":"Towards anomaly detection in smart grids by combining Complex Events Processing and SNMP objects","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3173728150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csr51186.2021.9527928","mag":"3173728150"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/csr51186.2021.9527928","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csr51186.2021.9527928","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience (CSR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.14508","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027851946","display_name":"Massimiliano Leone Itria","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135661","display_name":"ResilTech (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cz70931","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135661"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimiliano Leone Itria","raw_affiliation_strings":["ResilTech S.r.l., Pontedera(PI), Italy","ResilTech S.r.l.,Pontedera(PI),Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ResilTech S.r.l., Pontedera(PI), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135661"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ResilTech S.r.l.,Pontedera(PI),Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135661"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083605970","display_name":"Enrico Schiavone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5583-3910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135661","display_name":"ResilTech (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cz70931","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135661"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Schiavone","raw_affiliation_strings":["ResilTech S.r.l., Pontedera(PI), Italy","ResilTech S.r.l.,Pontedera(PI),Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ResilTech S.r.l., Pontedera(PI), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135661"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ResilTech S.r.l.,Pontedera(PI),Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135661"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001846360","display_name":"Nicola Nostro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6295-3622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135661","display_name":"ResilTech (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cz70931","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135661"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Nostro","raw_affiliation_strings":["ResilTech S.r.l., Pontedera(PI), Italy","ResilTech S.r.l.,Pontedera(PI),Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ResilTech S.r.l., Pontedera(PI), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135661"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ResilTech S.r.l.,Pontedera(PI),Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135661"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06953047,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"212","last_page":"217"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple-network-management-protocol","display_name":"Simple Network Management Protocol","score":0.7532426714897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.7021917104721069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6868508458137512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6115058660507202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middleware","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","score":0.5868151187896729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/default-gateway","display_name":"Default gateway","score":0.5687739849090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5184956789016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5103117823600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scada","display_name":"SCADA","score":0.47313180565834045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iec-61850","display_name":"IEC 61850","score":0.463239848613739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4346576929092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observability","display_name":"Observability","score":0.4142412841320038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3699803948402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2810385823249817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-management","display_name":"Network management","score":0.21629300713539124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.18343210220336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1646694839000702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.14473623037338257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69527307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184230","display_name":"Simple Network Management Protocol","level":3,"score":0.7532426714897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.7021917104721069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6868508458137512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6115058660507202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169468491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146923","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","level":2,"score":0.5868151187896729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187713609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465461","display_name":"Default gateway","level":2,"score":0.5687739849090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5184956789016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5103117823600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113863187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17498","display_name":"SCADA","level":2,"score":0.47313180565834045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778907243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168160","display_name":"IEC 61850","level":3,"score":0.463239848613739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4346576929092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36299963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369844","display_name":"Observability","level":2,"score":0.4142412841320038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3699803948402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2810385823249817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129763632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1454667","display_name":"Network management","level":2,"score":0.21629300713539124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.18343210220336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1646694839000702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.14473623037338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/csr51186.2021.9527928","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csr51186.2021.9527928","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience (CSR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2106.14508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.14508","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.14508","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2106.14508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2106.14508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:3173728150","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2106.14508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.14508","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.14508","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3173728150.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3173728150.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1429107300","https://openalex.org/W1995056472","https://openalex.org/W2009448295","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2279052052","https://openalex.org/W2343357575","https://openalex.org/W2913283888","https://openalex.org/W2913811025","https://openalex.org/W2969902382","https://openalex.org/W2983462149","https://openalex.org/W2986568558","https://openalex.org/W3099719177","https://openalex.org/W6636245797"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963012457","https://openalex.org/W2536965237","https://openalex.org/W3194312354","https://openalex.org/W2893055599","https://openalex.org/W2531445788","https://openalex.org/W2784305462","https://openalex.org/W3070548534","https://openalex.org/W3127070321","https://openalex.org/W2904526493","https://openalex.org/W2037660732","https://openalex.org/W2003212592","https://openalex.org/W2898468067","https://openalex.org/W2509361731","https://openalex.org/W2906632784","https://openalex.org/W2889228911","https://openalex.org/W2979422875","https://openalex.org/W2346763192","https://openalex.org/W2808266701","https://openalex.org/W2077536788","https://openalex.org/W2980828319"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,39],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"the":[3,6,45,62,112,116,126,139,147],"architecture":[4,71],"and":[5,22,36,50,58,64,74,89,152],"fundamental":[7],"methodology":[8],"of":[9,34,47,55,61,115,134],"an":[10],"anomaly":[11],"detector,":[12],"which":[13],"by":[14,23,123],"continuously":[15],"monitoring":[16],"Simple":[17],"Network":[18],"Management":[19],"Protocol":[20],"data":[21,77],"processing":[24],"it":[25],"as":[26,53,130,132],"complex-events,":[27],"is":[28,149],"able":[29],"to":[30,85,90,138],"timely":[31],"recognize":[32],"patterns":[33,124],"faults":[35,121],"relevant":[37],"cyber-attacks.":[38],"solution":[40],"has":[41,97],"been":[42,98],"applied":[43],"in":[44,51,125],"context":[46],"smart":[48,140],"grids,":[49],"particular":[52],"part":[54],"a":[56,69],"security":[57],"resilience":[59],"component":[60],"Information":[63],"Communication":[65],"Technologies":[66],"(ICT)":[67],"Gateway,":[68],"middleware-based":[70],"that":[72,108,146],"correlates":[73],"fuses":[75],"measurement":[76],"from":[78],"different":[79],"sources":[80],"(e.g.,":[81],"Inverters,":[82],"Smart":[83],"Meters)":[84],"provide":[86],"control":[87],"coordination":[88],"enable":[91],"grid":[92,141],"observability":[93],"applications.":[94],"The":[95,143],"detector":[96],"evaluated":[99],"through":[100],"experiments,":[101],"where":[102],"we":[103],"selected":[104],"some":[105],"representative":[106],"anomalies":[107],"can":[109],"occur":[110],"on":[111],"ICT":[113],"side":[114],"energy":[117],"distribution":[118],"infrastructure:":[119],"non-malicious":[120],"(indicated":[122],"system":[127],"resources":[128],"usage),":[129],"well":[131],"effects":[133],"typical":[135],"cyber-attacks":[136],"directed":[137],"infrastructure.":[142],"results":[144],"show":[145],"detection":[148],"promisingly":[150],"fast":[151],"efficient.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
