{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4310172520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csnet56116.2022.9955597","title":"Security and Performance Analysis of Quorum-based Blockchain Consensus Protocols","display_name":"Security and Performance Analysis of Quorum-based Blockchain Consensus Protocols","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4310172520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csnet56116.2022.9955597"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/csnet56116.2022.9955597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csnet56116.2022.9955597","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 6th Cyber Security in Networking Conference (CSNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009077442","display_name":"Gabriel Antonio F. Rebello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3344-0734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122140584","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03490as77","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Antonio F. Rebello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - GTA/COPPE/UFRJ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - GTA/COPPE/UFRJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058809188","display_name":"Gustavo F. Camilo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8164-8567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122140584","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03490as77","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gustavo F. Camilo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - GTA/COPPE/UFRJ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - GTA/COPPE/UFRJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048420639","display_name":"Lucas C. B. Guimar\u00e3es","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4664-4912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122140584","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03490as77","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucas C. B. Guimaraes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - GTA/COPPE/UFRJ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - GTA/COPPE/UFRJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086430754","display_name":"Lucas Airam C. de Souza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8941-3121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122140584","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03490as77","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucas Airam C. de Souza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - GTA/COPPE/UFRJ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - GTA/COPPE/UFRJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026700596","display_name":"Otto Carlos M. B. Duarte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6642-4100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122140584","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03490as77","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Otto Carlos M. B. Duarte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - GTA/COPPE/UFRJ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - GTA/COPPE/UFRJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009077442"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8482,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95545543,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.8443721532821655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.7846062183380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.768747091293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.6822587251663208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consensus-algorithm","display_name":"Consensus algorithm","score":0.5482419729232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.5482039451599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.5323966145515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consensus","display_name":"Consensus","score":0.45833876729011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.4054255187511444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.39992743730545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3861287236213684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.38086241483688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-agent-system","display_name":"Multi-agent system","score":0.15453991293907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1064615547657013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.07614678144454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.07225662469863892}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.8443721532821655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.7846062183380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.768747091293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.6822587251663208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983222225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994424","display_name":"Consensus algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5482419729232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5482039451599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.5323966145515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107107730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994424","display_name":"Consensus","level":3,"score":0.45833876729011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.4054255187511444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.39992743730545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3861287236213684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.38086241483688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.15453991293907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1064615547657013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.07614678144454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.07225662469863892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/csnet56116.2022.9955597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csnet56116.2022.9955597","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 6th Cyber Security in Networking Conference (CSNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2211006762","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18/23292-0,2015/24514-9,2015/24485-9,2014/50937-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/02ddkpn78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322749","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk0s825"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035362408","https://openalex.org/W2119795353","https://openalex.org/W2126087831","https://openalex.org/W2486460265","https://openalex.org/W2553854225","https://openalex.org/W2767453162","https://openalex.org/W2799719933","https://openalex.org/W2910723953","https://openalex.org/W2926987861","https://openalex.org/W2968331131","https://openalex.org/W2969506459","https://openalex.org/W3012102196","https://openalex.org/W3016342701","https://openalex.org/W3019084156","https://openalex.org/W3035174294","https://openalex.org/W3043580436","https://openalex.org/W3075601265","https://openalex.org/W3098532907","https://openalex.org/W3111364407","https://openalex.org/W3136753322","https://openalex.org/W3137092842","https://openalex.org/W3159384007","https://openalex.org/W3184318466","https://openalex.org/W3213431194","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4284972423","https://openalex.org/W4289824339","https://openalex.org/W4300127641","https://openalex.org/W6678832241","https://openalex.org/W6729722957","https://openalex.org/W6766397444","https://openalex.org/W6794917525"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145120192","https://openalex.org/W4366607545","https://openalex.org/W3210065602","https://openalex.org/W3132443168","https://openalex.org/W4313015754","https://openalex.org/W3088605168","https://openalex.org/W4292223684","https://openalex.org/W4297802034","https://openalex.org/W4210362383","https://openalex.org/W4200413673"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Consensus":[0],"protocols":[1,44,61,76],"for":[2,45],"blockchain-based":[3],"systems":[4],"are":[5,48,64],"crucial":[6],"and":[7,33,53,72,82,87,96],"the":[8,13,23,40,85,88],"most":[9,24],"complex":[10],"part":[11],"of":[12,19],"blockchain.":[14],"The":[15,55],"proof-of-work":[16],"consensus":[17,43,75,94],"protocol":[18,95],"Bitcoin":[20],"cryptocurrency":[21],"is":[22],"popular,":[25],"but":[26],"it":[27],"presents":[28],"a":[29],"low":[30],"transaction":[31],"rate":[32],"high":[34],"energy":[35],"consumption.":[36],"This":[37],"paper":[38,56],"analyzes":[39],"main":[41,80],"quorum-based":[42,74],"blockchains":[46],"that":[47,91],"alternatives":[49],"with":[50],"higher":[51],"throughput":[52],"energy-efficient.":[54],"focuses":[57],"on":[58],"Byzantine":[59],"fault-tolerant":[60],"as":[62],"they":[63],"more":[65],"robust":[66],"to":[67,78],"security":[68],"attacks.":[69],"We":[70],"classify":[71],"analyze":[73],"according":[77],"their":[79],"characteristics":[81],"performance,":[83],"highlighting":[84],"flaws":[86],"specific":[89],"attacks":[90],"affect":[92],"each":[93],"presenting":[97],"countermeasures.":[98],"<sup":[99],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[100],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1</sup>":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-25T21:42:39.735039","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}