{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401809699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp60683.2024.10636513","title":"Blind Reconciliation with Protograph LDPC Code Extension for FSO-Based Satellite QKD Systems","display_name":"Blind Reconciliation with Protograph LDPC Code Extension for FSO-Based Satellite QKD Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401809699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp60683.2024.10636513"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/csndsp60683.2024.10636513","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp60683.2024.10636513","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 14th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100602094","display_name":"Cuong T. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1172-7160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cuong T. Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Aizu,Computer Communications Laboratory,Aizuwakamatsu,Japan,965-8580"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Aizu,Computer Communications Laboratory,Aizuwakamatsu,Japan,965-8580","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039083333","display_name":"Hoang D. Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4565-8044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoang D. Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Aizu,Computer Communications Laboratory,Aizuwakamatsu,Japan,965-8580"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Aizu,Computer Communications Laboratory,Aizuwakamatsu,Japan,965-8580","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048794881","display_name":"V. Vuong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3309-0239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139894009","display_name":"University of Bradford","ror":"https://ror.org/00vs8d940","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vuong V. Mai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bradford,Bradford-Renduchintala Centre for Space AI,Bradford,U.K.,BD7 1DP"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bradford,Bradford-Renduchintala Centre for Space AI,Bradford,U.K.,BD7 1DP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001910837","display_name":"Phuc V. Trinh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8087-6739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phuc V. Trinh","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo,Communications and Signal Processing Laboratory,Tokyo,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo,Communications and Signal Processing Laboratory,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065550137","display_name":"Anh T. Pham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5143-1498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anh T. Pham","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Aizu,Computer Communications Laboratory,Aizuwakamatsu,Japan,965-8580"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Aizu,Computer Communications Laboratory,Aizuwakamatsu,Japan,965-8580","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"17","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7158882021903992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-code","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","score":0.7018527984619141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extension","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","score":0.517331063747406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5065099000930786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5019676685333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.4813007414340973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forward-error-correction","display_name":"Forward error correction","score":0.4510077238082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.34269142150878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.30950284004211426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13070625066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7158882021903992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.7018527984619141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.517331063747406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5065099000930786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5019676685333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.4813007414340973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202932441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55611017","display_name":"Forward error correction","level":3,"score":0.4510077238082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34269142150878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.30950284004211426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13070625066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/csndsp60683.2024.10636513","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp60683.2024.10636513","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 14th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1556909464","https://openalex.org/W1916886752","https://openalex.org/W2005631054","https://openalex.org/W2031313315","https://openalex.org/W2085333815","https://openalex.org/W2105768002","https://openalex.org/W2117327438","https://openalex.org/W2118334163","https://openalex.org/W2120827491","https://openalex.org/W2121213780","https://openalex.org/W2136923821","https://openalex.org/W2144336593","https://openalex.org/W2157651496","https://openalex.org/W2561221220","https://openalex.org/W2788932562","https://openalex.org/W2849152050","https://openalex.org/W2998758075","https://openalex.org/W2999160152","https://openalex.org/W3082250013","https://openalex.org/W3103218475","https://openalex.org/W3105659654","https://openalex.org/W3208722890","https://openalex.org/W4286630461","https://openalex.org/W4320016642","https://openalex.org/W4386352803","https://openalex.org/W4391468489"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2623918504","https://openalex.org/W2957709805","https://openalex.org/W1968289971","https://openalex.org/W2916248738","https://openalex.org/W1968720239","https://openalex.org/W4300588357","https://openalex.org/W2622922565","https://openalex.org/W2100531868","https://openalex.org/W2121747124","https://openalex.org/W2011630204"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"significant":[1],"breakthrough":[2],"in":[3,28,40,51,136,168],"space-based":[4],"quantum":[5,53],"key":[6,33,141],"distribution":[7],"(QKD)":[8],"inaugurated":[9],"by":[10,58,121],"the":[11,19,29,38,41,49,52,59,69,75,139,145,157,165],"Micius":[12],"satellite":[13,87],"has":[14],"brought":[15],"us":[16],"closer":[17],"to":[18,164],"era":[20],"of":[21,77,138,159],"global":[22],"QKD":[23,31,88,146],"networks.":[24],"An":[25],"essential":[26],"step":[27],"post-processing":[30],"is":[32,119,134],"reconciliation":[34],"(KR),":[35],"which":[36,90],"eliminates":[37],"mismatch":[39],"raw":[42],"keys":[43],"between":[44],"two":[45],"legitimate":[46],"users.":[47],"However,":[48],"fluctuation":[50],"bit-error":[54],"rate":[55,142],"(QBER)":[56],"caused":[57],"free-space":[60],"optical":[61],"(FSO)":[62],"turbulence":[63,170],"channels":[64],"poses":[65],"various":[66],"challenges":[67],"for":[68,81],"KR":[70,79,104],"design.":[71],"This":[72],"paper":[73],"addresses":[74],"design":[76,133,162,167],"blind":[78,103],"schemes":[80],"FSO-based":[82],"low":[83],"Earth":[84],"orbit":[85],"(LEO)":[86],"systems,":[89],"allow":[91],"operating":[92],"without":[93],"a":[94,101,107,149],"prior":[95],"QBER":[96],"estimation.":[97],"Specifically,":[98],"we":[99],"present":[100],"novel":[102],"scheme":[105],"with":[106],"protograph":[108],"low-density":[109],"parity":[110],"check":[111],"(LDPC)":[112],"code":[113],"extension.":[114],"The":[115,131],"proposed":[116,132,161],"LDPC":[117],"structure":[118],"constructed":[120],"gradually":[122],"extending":[123],"and":[124],"exhaustively":[125],"searching":[126],"among":[127],"all":[128],"possible":[129],"solutions.":[130],"evaluated":[135],"terms":[137],"final":[140],"performance":[143],"over":[144],"systems":[147],"using":[148],"dual-threshold/direct":[150],"detection":[151],"(DT/DD)":[152],"scheme.":[153],"Simulation":[154],"results":[155],"confirm":[156],"effectiveness":[158],"our":[160],"compared":[163],"state-of-the-art":[166],"different":[169],"channel":[171],"conditions.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}