{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401808894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp60683.2024.10636371","title":"Cymatics and Their Potential Applications in Free Space Optical Communications","display_name":"Cymatics and Their Potential Applications in Free Space Optical Communications","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401808894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp60683.2024.10636371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/csndsp60683.2024.10636371","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp60683.2024.10636371","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 14th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090318365","display_name":"Alex Cameron","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9269-9142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alex Cameron","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics and Electrical Engineering Northumbria University,Department of Maths,Newcastle upon Tyne,UK,NE1 8ST"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics and Electrical Engineering Northumbria University,Department of Maths,Newcastle upon Tyne,UK,NE1 8ST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063247951","display_name":"Mojtaba Mansour Abadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7963-5655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107211","display_name":"Applied Photonics (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/01rm78x24","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107211"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mojtaba Mansour Abadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sivers Photonics,Blantyre, Glasgow,G72 OBN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sivers Photonics,Blantyre, Glasgow,G72 OBN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107211"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009712820","display_name":"Zabih Ghassemlooy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5780-9703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zabih Ghassemlooy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics and Electrical Engineering Northumbria University,Department of Maths,Newcastle upon Tyne,UK,NE1 8ST"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics and Electrical Engineering Northumbria University,Department of Maths,Newcastle upon Tyne,UK,NE1 8ST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086922590","display_name":"Yongqing Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9797-4036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Yongqing Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics and Electrical Engineering Northumbria University,Department of Maths,Newcastle upon Tyne,UK,NE1 8ST"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics and Electrical Engineering Northumbria University,Department of Maths,Newcastle upon Tyne,UK,NE1 8ST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090318365"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.222,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51970901,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"272","last_page":"276"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6228632926940918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space","display_name":"Free space","score":0.5152052044868469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space-optical-communication","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","score":0.47951963543891907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4686638116836548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.4270457327365875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3701707124710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.26570314168930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22766533493995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.16109442710876465}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6228632926940918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988672794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11475","display_name":"Free space","level":2,"score":0.5152052044868469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.47951963543891907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4686638116836548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.4270457327365875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3701707124710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.26570314168930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22766533493995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.16109442710876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/csndsp60683.2024.10636371","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp60683.2024.10636371","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 14th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030924991","https://openalex.org/W2335040822","https://openalex.org/W2940882766","https://openalex.org/W2993111408","https://openalex.org/W3005763523","https://openalex.org/W3101674493","https://openalex.org/W3114322375","https://openalex.org/W4293542396","https://openalex.org/W4317802301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4323644463","https://openalex.org/W2019126040","https://openalex.org/W2038016357","https://openalex.org/W1487975641","https://openalex.org/W3118892941","https://openalex.org/W4386214712","https://openalex.org/W2389557767","https://openalex.org/W3191689016","https://openalex.org/W3098949437","https://openalex.org/W2313408802"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Free":[0],"space":[1],"optics":[2],"(FSO)":[3],"is":[4,67],"seen":[5],"as":[6,74],"a":[7,39,55,124],"complementary":[8],"wireless":[9],"technology":[10,14],"to":[11,37,86,112,119],"radio":[12],"frequency":[13],"(RF)":[15],"for":[16,57,97],"applications":[17,150],"in":[18,151,155],"high-speed":[19],"and":[20,34,77,102,144],"long-distance":[21],"communications.":[22],"Although":[23],"it":[24,43,53,65],"surpasses":[25],"traditional":[26],"RF-based":[27],"communications":[28],"with":[29,129],"its":[30],"higher":[31,126],"data":[32],"rates":[33],"increased":[35],"security":[36],"create":[38],"scalable":[40],"communication":[41],"infrastructure,":[42],"has":[44],"certain":[45],"drawbacks,":[46],"which":[47],"must":[48],"be":[49,109],"adequately":[50],"addressed":[51],"before":[52],"becomes":[54],"norm":[56],"terrestrial":[58],"communication.":[59],"One":[60],"of":[61,105,115,140],"the":[62,68,82,87,103,110,113,120,138,152,156],"major":[63],"issues":[64],"faces":[66],"effect":[69],"atmospheric":[70],"weather":[71],"conditions":[72],"such":[73],"fog,":[75],"rain":[76],"turbulence":[78],"that":[79],"can":[80],"attenuate":[81],"encoded":[83],"light":[84],"leading":[85],"performance":[88],"degradation.":[89],"While":[90],"modal":[91,121],"vibrational":[92],"phenomena":[93],"have":[94],"been":[95],"studied":[96],"some":[98],"considerable":[99],"time,":[100],"cymatics":[101],"visualisation":[104],"sound":[106],"waves":[107],"could":[108],"key":[111],"future":[114],"FSO.":[116],"Primarily":[117],"due":[118],"frequencies":[122,143],"having":[123],"significantly":[125],"interaction":[127],"rate":[128],"droplets":[130],"or":[131],"particles":[132],"than":[133],"others.":[134],"This":[135],"paper":[136],"outlines":[137],"process":[139],"identifying":[141],"these":[142],"presents":[145],"experimental":[146],"results":[147],"outlining":[148],"their":[149],"path":[153],"clearing":[154],"FSO":[157],"links.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-26T23:08:49.675405","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}