{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312873766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp54353.2022.9907952","title":"PAPR Reduction in PAM-DMT based WDM VLC","display_name":"PAPR Reduction in PAM-DMT based WDM VLC","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312873766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp54353.2022.9907952"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/csndsp54353.2022.9907952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp54353.2022.9907952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605876","display_name":"2022 13th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 13th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/en/publications/2f4a3ce1-cc05-4c3f-981e-b58fb19b0fa3","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006148946","display_name":"Hussien Alrakah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-2066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91450128","display_name":"Jazan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bjnq803","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91450128"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB","SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hussien T. Alrakah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Digital Communications, School of Engineering. The University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh,UK,EH9 3FD","Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Digital Communications, School of Engineering. The University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh,UK,EH9 3FD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91450128"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055341210","display_name":"Tilahun Zerihun Gutema","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0119-1788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tilahun Z. Gutema","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Digital Communications, School of Engineering. The University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh,UK,EH9 3FD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Digital Communications, School of Engineering. The University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh,UK,EH9 3FD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042598865","display_name":"Sinan Sinanovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2221-3467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195939026","display_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dvm1235","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sinan Sinanovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Glasgow Caledonian University,School of Engineering and Built Environment,Glasgow,Scotland,UK","School of Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Glasgow Caledonian University,School of Engineering and Built Environment,Glasgow,Scotland,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029906478","display_name":"Wasiu O. Popoola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2954-7902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wasiu O. Popoola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Digital Communications, School of Engineering. The University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh,UK,EH9 3FD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Digital Communications, School of Engineering. The University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh,UK,EH9 3FD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006148946"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91450128","https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9673,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72673086,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"174","last_page":"178"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.7315607666969299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.6496812701225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5822442173957825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.52198326587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.5219523310661316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5087090134620667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4786173701286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-transmission","display_name":"Data transmission","score":0.44401663541793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.44172239303588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.43558311462402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4293445646762848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","score":0.4235735237598419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clipping","display_name":"Clipping (morphology)","score":0.42203861474990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.42191022634506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude-shift-keying","display_name":"Amplitude-shift keying","score":0.41514936089515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","score":0.4103385806083679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2831754982471466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.25648194551467896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2564675509929657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength","display_name":"Wavelength","score":0.2083471715450287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19731736183166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.163426011800766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1432279348373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.13188162446022034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.12924057245254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.11505621671676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1048884391784668}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.7315607666969299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.6496812701225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5822442173957825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.52198326587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.5219523310661316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5087090134620667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4786173701286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.44401663541793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44172239303588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.43558311462402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4293445646762848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.4235735237598419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776848632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853463","display_name":"Clipping (morphology)","level":2,"score":0.42203861474990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.42191022634506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777973058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477284","display_name":"Amplitude-shift keying","level":5,"score":0.41514936089515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160724564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620670","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.4103385806083679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2831754982471466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.25648194551467896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2564675509929657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.2083471715450287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19731736183166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.163426011800766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1432279348373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.13188162446022034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.12924057245254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.11505621671676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1048884391784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/csndsp54353.2022.9907952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp54353.2022.9907952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605876","display_name":"2022 13th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 13th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.gcu.ac.uk:openaire/2f4a3ce1-cc05-4c3f-981e-b58fb19b0fa3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/en/publications/2f4a3ce1-cc05-4c3f-981e-b58fb19b0fa3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402566","display_name":"ResearchOnline (Glasgow Caledonian University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I195939026","host_organization_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Alrakah, H T, Gutema, T Z, Sinanovic, S & Popoola, W O 2022, PAPR reduction in PAM-DMT based WDM VLC. in 2022 13th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP). 2022 13th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing, CSNDSP 2022, IEEE, pp. 174-178, 13th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing, Porto, Portugal, 20/07/22. https://doi.org/10.1109/CSNDSP54353.2022.9907952","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.gcu.ac.uk:openaire/2f4a3ce1-cc05-4c3f-981e-b58fb19b0fa3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/en/publications/2f4a3ce1-cc05-4c3f-981e-b58fb19b0fa3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402566","display_name":"ResearchOnline (Glasgow Caledonian University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I195939026","host_organization_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Alrakah, H T, Gutema, T Z, Sinanovic, S & Popoola, W O 2022, PAPR reduction in PAM-DMT based WDM VLC. in 2022 13th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP). 2022 13th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing, CSNDSP 2022, IEEE, pp. 174-178, 13th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing, Porto, Portugal, 20/07/22. https://doi.org/10.1109/CSNDSP54353.2022.9907952","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311223","display_name":"Jazan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bjnq803"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514774911","https://openalex.org/W1544781947","https://openalex.org/W2024403429","https://openalex.org/W2105862752","https://openalex.org/W2122740253","https://openalex.org/W2123068486","https://openalex.org/W2149126001","https://openalex.org/W2166826179","https://openalex.org/W2184132893","https://openalex.org/W2291169002","https://openalex.org/W2611398635","https://openalex.org/W2928252763","https://openalex.org/W3101674493","https://openalex.org/W3210576835","https://openalex.org/W4210428189"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2791369649","https://openalex.org/W3145176641","https://openalex.org/W2349456321","https://openalex.org/W2912693066","https://openalex.org/W1898157940","https://openalex.org/W3011632595","https://openalex.org/W2300518202","https://openalex.org/W2019555740","https://openalex.org/W3017298994","https://openalex.org/W3134283392"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Visible":[0],"light":[1,75,85],"communication":[2],"(VLC)":[3],"can":[4],"achieve":[5],"high":[6,43,132],"data":[7,107,145],"rate":[8,108,146],"transmission":[9],"with":[10,151],"discrete":[11,20],"multitone":[12,21],"(DMT)":[13],"systems.":[14],"A":[15],"DMT":[16,36],"variant":[17],"is":[18,63,70,87,97],"pulse-amplitude-modulated":[19],"modulation":[22,28,37,81],"(PAM-DMT)":[23],"which":[24],"offers":[25],"an":[26],"energy-efficient":[27],"solution":[29],"for":[30],"VLC.":[31],"However,":[32],"similar":[33],"to":[34,102],"other":[35],"techniques,":[38],"PAM-DMT":[39,60,96,103,140,150],"suffers":[40],"from":[41],"a":[42],"peak-to-average":[44],"power":[45,93],"ratio":[46],"(PAPR).":[47],"In":[48],"this":[49,100],"paper,":[50],"the":[51,118,123,127,131,138,148],"efficacy":[52],"of":[53,83,126,134],"pilot-assisted":[54],"(PA)":[55],"PAPR":[56,133,153],"reduction":[57],"system":[58,116,128],"in":[59,99],"based":[61,104],"VLC":[62],"demonstrated":[64],"experimentally.":[65],"Wavelength":[66],"division":[67],"multiplexing":[68],"(WDM)":[69],"applied":[71],"using":[72],"three":[73],"low-cost":[74],"emitting":[76],"diodes":[77],"(LEDs).":[78],"The":[79,114],"available":[80],"bandwidth":[82],"each":[84,135],"source":[86],"utilised":[88],"by":[89,129],"adaptive":[90],"bit":[91],"and":[92,109,121],"loading.":[94],"PA":[95,139],"compared":[98],"work":[101],"on":[105],"achievable":[106],"Bit":[110],"Error":[111],"Rate":[112],"(BER).":[113],"proposed":[115],"reduces":[117],"clipping":[119],"noise":[120],"minimises":[122],"nonlinear":[124],"distortion":[125],"reducing":[130],"wavelength.":[136],"Thus,":[137],"has":[141],"achieved":[142],"8%":[143],"higher":[144],"than":[147],"conventional":[149],"no":[152],"reduction.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
