{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3102644444","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp49049.2020.9249638","title":"5.36 Gbit/s OFDM optical wireless communication link over the underwater channel","display_name":"5.36 Gbit/s OFDM optical wireless communication link over the underwater channel","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3102644444","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp49049.2020.9249638","mag":"3102644444"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/csndsp49049.2020.9249638","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp49049.2020.9249638","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 12th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://repositorio.inesctec.pt/handle/123456789/12135","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101515430","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Ara\u00fajo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8558-6762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83863532","display_name":"Polytechnic Institute of Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/04988re48","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83863532"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joao H. Araujo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal","School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83863532"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060317279","display_name":"Rafael Kraemer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3527-5322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Kraemer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090731607","display_name":"Joana S. Tavares","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7666-3738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joana S. Tavares","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101780447","display_name":"F. Pereira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1386-8960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83863532","display_name":"Polytechnic Institute of Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/04988re48","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83863532"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83863532"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039326521","display_name":"H. M. Salgado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1802-6033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. M. Salgado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067749527","display_name":"L. M. Pessoa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6805-7191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. M. Pessoa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2081,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52974393,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.7797027826309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.6681928038597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gigabit","display_name":"Gigabit","score":0.6677299737930298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.6675971150398254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-wireless","display_name":"Optical wireless","score":0.5102183818817139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4879729151725769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-acoustic-communication","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","score":0.4603256285190582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-wireless-communications","display_name":"Optical wireless communications","score":0.4539482593536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.4495044946670532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.4451681673526764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qam","display_name":"QAM","score":0.442848265171051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4427536725997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4337001442909241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42340216040611267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.4089856445789337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.40654903650283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.31892210245132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21009239554405212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.06762328743934631}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.7797027826309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6681928038597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21922175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3105497","display_name":"Gigabit","level":2,"score":0.6677299737930298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.6675971150398254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781305180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098907","display_name":"Optical wireless","level":3,"score":0.5102183818817139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4879729151725769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169111936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424098","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","level":3,"score":0.4603256285190582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107021485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18385577","display_name":"Optical wireless communications","level":4,"score":0.4539482593536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.4495044946670532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.4451681673526764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59030546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265371","display_name":"QAM","level":5,"score":0.442848265171051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4427536725997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4337001442909241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42340216040611267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.4089856445789337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.40654903650283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.31892210245132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21009239554405212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.06762328743934631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/csndsp49049.2020.9249638","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp49049.2020.9249638","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 12th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.inesctec.pt:123456789/12135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://repositorio.inesctec.pt/handle/123456789/12135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"other"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.inesctec.pt:123456789/12135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://repositorio.inesctec.pt/handle/123456789/12135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"other"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2166826179","https://openalex.org/W2275834735","https://openalex.org/W2542169461","https://openalex.org/W2577421398","https://openalex.org/W2907775212","https://openalex.org/W2939556008","https://openalex.org/W2996666220","https://openalex.org/W3101741723"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058402055","https://openalex.org/W3011705637","https://openalex.org/W2092431976","https://openalex.org/W1977047551","https://openalex.org/W2507404405","https://openalex.org/W2150032029","https://openalex.org/W2024490971","https://openalex.org/W2513250465","https://openalex.org/W2392762026","https://openalex.org/W2136366452"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"OFDM":[1],"transmission":[2,75],"system":[3],"is":[4,27,80],"reported":[5],"based":[6],"on":[7],"a":[8,30,45,53,74],"directly":[9],"modulated":[10],"blue":[11],"LASER":[12],"diode,":[13],"for":[14,44,52],"high":[15],"bit":[16],"rate":[17,76],"under-water":[18],"optical":[19],"communication":[20],"applications.":[21],"The":[22],"256":[23],"subcarriers":[24],"16-QAM":[25],"signal":[26],"transmitted":[28],"over":[29],"total":[31],"distance":[32],"of":[33,71,77],"2.4":[34],"m":[35],"underwater":[36],"with":[37],"an":[38],"EVM":[39],"lower":[40,60],"than":[41,61],"-28.5":[42],"dB":[43,51],"250":[46],"MHz":[47],"bandwidth":[48,70],"and":[49],"-16.5":[50],"2":[54,72],"GHz":[55,73],"bandwidth,":[56],"the":[57,62,68],"BER":[58],"being":[59],"forward":[63],"error":[64],"corrector":[65],"limit.":[66],"At":[67],"maximum":[69],"5.36":[78],"Gbit/s":[79],"achieved.":[81]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}