{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108566897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp16145.2010.5580450","title":"The effect of the turn \u2018On\u2019 resistance of an active device and the Q factor of the load harmonic network on the efficiency and efficiency bandwidth of a class E amplifier","display_name":"The effect of the turn \u2018On\u2019 resistance of an active device and the Q factor of the load harmonic network on the efficiency and efficiency bandwidth of a class E amplifier","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108566897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp16145.2010.5580450","mag":"2108566897"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/csndsp16145.2010.5580450","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp16145.2010.5580450","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 7th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks &amp; Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP 2010)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011459062","display_name":"Qing Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4847-207X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK","NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007703937","display_name":"A. Sambell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alistair Sambell","raw_affiliation_strings":["NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK","NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068043644","display_name":"S. Danaher","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean Danaher","raw_affiliation_strings":["NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK","NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006699351","display_name":"E. Korolkiewicz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Korolkiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK","NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009712820","display_name":"Zabih Ghassemlooy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5780-9703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zabih Ghassemlooy","raw_affiliation_strings":["NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK","NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100349637","display_name":"Lei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2696-9584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK","NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013692772","display_name":"Dehao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0649-1085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dehao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK","NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2943,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65536175,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"106","last_page":"110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9351000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.9075000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.6457927227020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonics","display_name":"Harmonics","score":0.6412341594696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.5459335446357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic","display_name":"Harmonic","score":0.5205612778663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4959770143032074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/damping-factor","display_name":"Damping factor","score":0.4828506112098694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.48059722781181335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.48048773407936096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.46891269087791443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-factor","display_name":"Power factor","score":0.4255863428115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rlc-circuit","display_name":"RLC circuit","score":0.4247910678386688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/output-impedance","display_name":"Output impedance","score":0.42332717776298523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.41007113456726074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40624257922172546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.36663782596588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/input-impedance","display_name":"Input impedance","score":0.3362099528312683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3027869462966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2903880178928375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2689804434776306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18625980615615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.14462247490882874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.14014285802841187}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.6457927227020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188414643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001183","display_name":"Harmonics","level":3,"score":0.6412341594696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.5459335446357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127934551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148098","display_name":"Harmonic","level":2,"score":0.5205612778663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4959770143032074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48427663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1269719","display_name":"Damping factor","level":4,"score":0.4828506112098694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.48059722781181335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.48048773407936096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.46891269087791443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64424096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454","display_name":"Power factor","level":3,"score":0.4255863428115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89880566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323477","display_name":"RLC circuit","level":4,"score":0.4247910678386688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58112919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631203","display_name":"Output impedance","level":3,"score":0.42332717776298523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.41007113456726074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40624257922172546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.36663782596588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26262908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307489","display_name":"Input impedance","level":3,"score":0.3362099528312683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3027869462966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2903880178928375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2689804434776306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18625980615615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.14462247490882874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.14014285802841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/csndsp16145.2010.5580450","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp16145.2010.5580450","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 7th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks &amp; Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP 2010)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.724.3277","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.724.3277","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://soe.northumbria.ac.uk/OCR/papers/2010/CSNSP2010_LiuQ.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nrl.northumbria.ac.uk:7552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/7552/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401884","display_name":"Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","host_organization_name":"Northumbria University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book Section"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486033646","https://openalex.org/W1969367737","https://openalex.org/W2004512974","https://openalex.org/W2007262617","https://openalex.org/W2145325815","https://openalex.org/W2151486166","https://openalex.org/W2151893475","https://openalex.org/W2158766609"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981255793","https://openalex.org/W4387426556","https://openalex.org/W4210809443","https://openalex.org/W2132237565","https://openalex.org/W2115579461","https://openalex.org/W1506355656","https://openalex.org/W2123069234","https://openalex.org/W2356432821","https://openalex.org/W1581428243","https://openalex.org/W2383045972"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,91],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"the":[3,34,38,57,77,88,95,119,125,135,139,154,158,182,185,188,191,205,209,212],"active":[4],"device":[5],"for":[6,37],"a":[7,18,92,109,129,164,170,177],"class":[8],"E":[9],"amplifier":[10,94],"is":[11,32,69,105,115,143,174,215],"modelled":[12],"as":[13],"switch":[14,35],"in":[15,138],"series":[16,110],"with":[17],"turn":[19],"on":[20,169,208],"resistance":[21],"\u2018R":[22,51,199],"<inf":[23,52,200],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[24,53,201],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">on</inf>":[25,54,202],"\u2019.":[26],"Assuming":[27],"an":[28,81,148],"ideal":[29,66,96],"harmonic":[30,67,97,136,159],"load":[31,140],"used":[33,47,175],"equations":[36],"voltage":[39],"and":[40,45,80,102,128,194,204,211],"current":[41,89],"waveforms":[42],"are":[43],"reviewed":[44],"then":[46],"to":[48,61,71,117,133,146,151,157,180],"examine":[49],"how":[50,153],"\u2019":[55,203],"affects":[56],"efficiency":[58,210,213],"of":[59,87,190,198],"dc":[60],"ac":[62],"power":[63],"conversion.":[64],"This":[65,113],"network":[68,98],"assumed":[70],"have":[72,118],"optimum":[73,121],"input":[74,122],"impedance":[75,123],"at":[76,84,124],"design":[78,126,178],"frequency":[79,127],"open":[82],"circuit":[83,114,193],"all":[85],"harmonics":[86],"waveform.":[90],"practical":[93],"cannot":[99],"be":[100],"realised":[101],"therefore":[103],"it":[104],"normally":[106],"replaced":[107],"by":[108],"resonant":[111,189],"circuit.":[112],"designed":[116],"required":[120],"high":[130],"\u2018Q\u2019":[131,186,206],"factor":[132,207],"reduce":[134],"currents":[137,160],"resistance.":[141],"It":[142],"not":[144],"possible":[145],"obtain":[147,176],"analytical":[149],"solution":[150],"show":[152,181],"losses":[155],"due":[156],"affect":[161],"efficiency.":[162,195],"Consequently":[163],"Genetic":[165],"Algorithm":[166],"(GA)":[167],"based":[168],"stochastic":[171],"search":[172],"method":[173],"graph":[179],"relationship":[183],"between":[184],"factor,":[187],"above":[192],"The":[196],"effect":[197],"bandwidth":[214],"also":[216],"investigated.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}