{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2893243415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp.2018.8471867","title":"Hybrid RoF-RoFSO System Using Directly Modulated Laser for 24 \u2013 26 GHz 5G Networks","display_name":"Hybrid RoF-RoFSO System Using Directly Modulated Laser for 24 \u2013 26 GHz 5G Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2893243415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp.2018.8471867","mag":"2893243415"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/csndsp.2018.8471867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp.2018.8471867","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 11th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks &amp; Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075547685","display_name":"Jan Bohata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3023-054X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Bohata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of electromagnetic fields Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of electromagnetic fields Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011643845","display_name":"Mat\u011bj Komanec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7626-7930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matej Komanec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of electromagnetic fields Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of electromagnetic fields Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004138464","display_name":"Jan Sp\u00e1\u010dil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Spacil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of electromagnetic fields Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of electromagnetic fields Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078401803","display_name":"Stanislav Zv\u00e1novec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7902-2143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanislav Zvanovec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of electromagnetic fields Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of electromagnetic fields Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009712820","display_name":"Zabih Ghassemlooy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5780-9703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zabih Ghassemlooy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optical Communications Research Group, NCRLab, Faculty of Engineering and Environment Northumbria University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optical Communications Research Group, NCRLab, Faculty of Engineering and Environment Northumbria University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073810239","display_name":"Radan Slav\u0131\u0301k","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9336-4262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Radan Slavik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qam","display_name":"QAM","score":0.6751828193664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.6177612543106079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.6056092977523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.5842790603637695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5246760249137878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.5068700909614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5038720965385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4820421636104584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.4287338852882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Amplitude modulation","score":0.4218350946903229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3779713213443756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.31697994470596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2714078426361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.23809507489204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22496101260185242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.16035333275794983}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59030546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265371","display_name":"QAM","level":5,"score":0.6751828193664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6177612543106079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.6056092977523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.5842790603637695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5246760249137878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.5068700909614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5038720965385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4820421636104584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.4287338852882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201905106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183755","display_name":"Amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.4218350946903229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3779713213443756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.31697994470596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2714078426361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.23809507489204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22496101260185242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.16035333275794983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/csndsp.2018.8471867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp.2018.8471867","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 11th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks &amp; Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:425934","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/425934/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nrl.northumbria.ac.uk:36157","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/36157/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401884","display_name":"Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","host_organization_name":"Northumbria University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book Section"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G374249132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P030181/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1556909464","https://openalex.org/W1934625722","https://openalex.org/W2033025631","https://openalex.org/W2079576277","https://openalex.org/W2096179803","https://openalex.org/W2100117962","https://openalex.org/W2119637598","https://openalex.org/W2119844512","https://openalex.org/W2128145324","https://openalex.org/W2293819600","https://openalex.org/W2404139399","https://openalex.org/W2534892376","https://openalex.org/W2564894818","https://openalex.org/W2569342407","https://openalex.org/W2595995231","https://openalex.org/W2771371345","https://openalex.org/W2788890575","https://openalex.org/W4251196115"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390873927","https://openalex.org/W2159438609","https://openalex.org/W2900995485","https://openalex.org/W2147334234","https://openalex.org/W3196902411","https://openalex.org/W2139936226","https://openalex.org/W3026565890","https://openalex.org/W2064534496","https://openalex.org/W1970526599","https://openalex.org/W2384946145"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,50,78],"present":[1],"an":[2,135],"experimental":[3],"hybrid":[4],"radio":[5,10,25,38],"over":[6,11],"fiber":[7],"(RoF)":[8],"and":[9,164],"free":[12,39],"space":[13,40],"optics":[14],"(RoFSO)":[15],"system":[16,59,103,123,161],"employing":[17],"a":[18,24,34,45,80,92,165,170,179],"directly":[19],"modulated":[20],"laser":[21,109],"(DML)":[22],"for":[23,60,127,148,162],"frequency":[26,171],"band":[27,180],"of":[28,47,55,69,85,107,120,144,158],"24":[29,172],"\u2013":[30],"26":[31],"GHz.":[32],"Moreover,":[33],"3.6":[35],"m":[36],"long":[37],"link":[41],"is":[42,112,124,174],"combined":[43],"with":[44],"pair":[46],"wideband":[48],"antennas.":[49],"outline":[51],"the":[52,56,63,70,86,101,105,118,121,142,159,190],"specific":[53],"settings":[54],"proposed":[57,122],"high-frequency":[58],"deployment":[61],"in":[62,83,189],"centralized":[64],"fronthaul":[65],"networks":[66],"as":[67],"part":[68],"5":[71],"<sup":[72],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[73],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">th</sup>":[74],"generation":[75],"wireless":[76],"technologies.":[77],"show":[79],"potential":[81],"extension":[82],"terms":[84],"added":[87],"optical":[88],"loss":[89],"when":[90],"using":[91,178],"100":[93,166],"MHz":[94,167],"signal":[95],"bandwidth.":[96],"In":[97],"order":[98],"to":[99,129,183],"determine":[100],"optimum":[102],"performance,":[104],"setting":[106],"directly-modulated":[108],"bias":[110],"current":[111],"investigated.":[113],"Measured":[114],"results":[115],"illustrate":[116],"that":[117],"performance":[119],"less":[125],"susceptible":[126],"up":[128],"medium":[130],"turbulence":[131],"conditions":[132],"by":[133],"maintaining":[134],"error":[136],"vector":[137],"magnitude":[138],"(EVM)":[139],"value":[140],"below":[141],"limit":[143],"9":[145],"%,":[146],"given":[147],"64-":[149],"quadrature":[150],"amplitude":[151],"modulation":[152],"(64-QAM).":[153],"The":[154],"lowest":[155],"recorded":[156],"EVM":[157],"whole":[160],"64-QAM":[163],"bandwidth":[168],"at":[169],"GHz":[173],"4.1":[175],"%":[176],"while":[177],"pass":[181],"filter":[182],"reduce":[184],"amplified":[185],"spontaneous":[186],"emission":[187],"noise":[188],"system.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}