{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2032955584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp.2014.6923956","title":"Pilot symbol utilization for reducing peak-to-average power ratio in optical OFDM","display_name":"Pilot symbol utilization for reducing peak-to-average power ratio in optical OFDM","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2032955584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp.2014.6923956","mag":"2032955584"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/csndsp.2014.6923956","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp.2014.6923956","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 9th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks &amp; Digital Sign (CSNDSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111706267","display_name":"Funmilayo B. Ogunkoya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195939026","display_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dvm1235","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"F. B. Ogunkoya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom","Glasgow Caledonian University,,,Glasgow,,United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Glasgow Caledonian University,,,Glasgow,,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029906478","display_name":"Wasiu O. Popoola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2954-7902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195939026","display_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dvm1235","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. O. Popoola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom","Glasgow Caledonian University,,,Glasgow,,United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Glasgow Caledonian University,,,Glasgow,,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011632163","display_name":"Alireza Shahrabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6583-0617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195939026","display_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dvm1235","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Shahrabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom","Glasgow Caledonian University,,,Glasgow,,United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Glasgow Caledonian University,,,Glasgow,,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042598865","display_name":"Sinan Sinanovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2221-3467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195939026","display_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dvm1235","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Sinanovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom","Glasgow Caledonian University,,,Glasgow,,United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Glasgow Caledonian University,,,Glasgow,,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111706267"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8373,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77015985,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"899","last_page":"903"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.8774001598358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.7987802028656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.7417457699775696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.6001421213150024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5893272757530212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.5395649075508118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5261616110801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.4909954369068146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4835083782672882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.44980233907699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4454784095287323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.4365244507789612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qam","display_name":"QAM","score":0.43604597449302673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-power","display_name":"Optical power","score":0.4293786883354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.39218610525131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.24887296557426453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2018694281578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16043293476104736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.13917681574821472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.13736510276794434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.13554096221923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12291136384010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.08132928609848022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.8774001598358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.7987802028656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.7417457699775696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.6001421213150024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5893272757530212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.5395649075508118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5261616110801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.4909954369068146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4835083782672882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44980233907699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4454784095287323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.4365244507789612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59030546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265371","display_name":"QAM","level":5,"score":0.43604597449302673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191161701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q559265","display_name":"Optical power","level":3,"score":0.4293786883354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.39218610525131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24887296557426453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2018694281578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16043293476104736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.13917681574821472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.13736510276794434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13554096221923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12291136384010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.08132928609848022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/csndsp.2014.6923956","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp.2014.6923956","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 9th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks &amp; Digital Sign (CSNDSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.gcu.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/8f6db3d6-db61-46e1-9c7a-8b301b86f65f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/en/publications/8f6db3d6-db61-46e1-9c7a-8b301b86f65f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402566","display_name":"ResearchOnline (Glasgow Caledonian University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I195939026","host_organization_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ogunkoya, F B, Popoola, W O, Shahrabi, A & Sinanovic, S 2014, Pilot symbol utilization for reducing peak-to-average power ratio in optical OFDM. in 2014 9th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing, CSNDSP 2014. IEEE, pp. 899-903, 9th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks & Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP), Manchester, United Kingdom, 23/07/14. https://doi.org/10.1109/CSNDSP.2014.6923956","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503835506","https://openalex.org/W1539651955","https://openalex.org/W2024403429","https://openalex.org/W2031653048","https://openalex.org/W2079869742","https://openalex.org/W2093355158","https://openalex.org/W2105935781","https://openalex.org/W2123068486","https://openalex.org/W2144644352","https://openalex.org/W2151764418","https://openalex.org/W2153566626","https://openalex.org/W2172197539","https://openalex.org/W2485002209","https://openalex.org/W6684838158"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390873927","https://openalex.org/W2159438609","https://openalex.org/W2900995485","https://openalex.org/W2147334234","https://openalex.org/W3196902411","https://openalex.org/W2139936226","https://openalex.org/W1970526599","https://openalex.org/W3026565890","https://openalex.org/W2064534496","https://openalex.org/W2161389097"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,9,20,31,46,133,148],"the":[2,7,32,44,51,86,107,114,130,135],"evolved":[3],"technologies":[4],"which":[5,57],"has":[6,26],"prospect":[8],"providing":[10],"huge":[11],"data":[12,38],"rate":[13,39,126],"is":[14,104],"visible":[15],"light":[16],"communication":[17],"(VLC).":[18],"Use":[19],"optical":[21,47,80],"orthogonal":[22],"frequency-division":[23],"multiplexing":[24],"(OFDM)":[25],"been":[27],"demonstrated":[28],"as":[29],"one":[30],"viable":[33],"schemes":[34],"in":[35,40,59,64,79,85],"achieving":[36],"high":[37,52,77,117],"VLC":[41,88],"system.":[42],"However,":[43],"limitation":[45],"OFDM":[48,81,93],"still":[49],"remains":[50],"peak-to-average":[53],"power":[54],"ratio":[55],"(PAPR)":[56],"results":[58,109],"signal":[60],"distortion":[61],"and":[62],"increase":[63],"error":[65,125,139],"rate.":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68],"paper,":[69],"we":[70],"describe":[71],"a":[72,101],"technique":[73,115],"that":[74,110],"can":[75,113],"mitigate":[76],"PAPR":[78,98,118],"using":[82],"pilot":[83,91,136],"symbol":[84,137],"indoor":[87],"environment.":[89],"The":[90],"assisted":[92],"system":[94],"gives":[95],"2.4":[96],"dB":[97,144],"reduction":[99],"for":[100],"4-QAM.":[102],"There":[103],"indication":[105],"from":[106],"simulation":[108],"not":[111],"only":[112],"reduce":[116],"but":[119],"it":[120],"also":[121],"offers":[122],"good":[123],"bit":[124],"(BER)":[127],"performance.":[128],"For":[129],"BER":[131,147],"performance":[132],"64-QAM,":[134],"estimation":[138],"leads":[140],"to":[141],"about":[142],"0.6":[143],"degradation":[145],"at":[146],"10":[149],"<sup":[150],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[151],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-3</sup>":[152],".":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
