{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994349566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp.2012.6292667","title":"Design and analysis of coupling elements between optical fibres and optical free space","display_name":"Design and analysis of coupling elements between optical fibres and optical free space","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994349566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp.2012.6292667","mag":"1994349566"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/csndsp.2012.6292667","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp.2012.6292667","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 8th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks &amp; Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069065226","display_name":"W. Steinegger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Steinegger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microwave and Photonic Engineering, University of Technology, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microwave and Photonic Engineering, University of Technology, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006834895","display_name":"Erich Leitgeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2670-8336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Leitgeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microwave and Photonic Engineering, University of Technology, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microwave and Photonic Engineering, University of Technology, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005143596","display_name":"Pirmin Pezzei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9907-8227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Pezzei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microwave and Photonic Engineering, University of Technology, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microwave and Photonic Engineering, University of Technology, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4996,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67624973,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"4158","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9739000201225281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.6835545897483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-engineering","display_name":"Optical engineering","score":0.6250182390213013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.6204823851585388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber-cable","display_name":"Optical fiber cable","score":0.5452698469161987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.539627730846405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5047920942306519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5030302405357361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-switch","display_name":"Optical switch","score":0.5024120807647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4695449769496918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling-loss","display_name":"Coupling loss","score":0.46409812569618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space","display_name":"Free space","score":0.4585449993610382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crosstalk","display_name":"Crosstalk","score":0.4576796889305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.4429943859577179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-coupling","display_name":"Optical coupling","score":0.4419448971748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diode","display_name":"Diode","score":0.43625566363334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4126896560192108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40824681520462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3278561532497406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20729371905326843}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.6835545897483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151857401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640621","display_name":"Optical engineering","level":2,"score":0.6250182390213013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.6204823851585388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161325326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197961","display_name":"Optical fiber cable","level":3,"score":0.5452698469161987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.539627730846405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5047920942306519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5030302405357361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101336846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105111","display_name":"Optical switch","level":2,"score":0.5024120807647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4695449769496918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21792228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5178039","display_name":"Coupling loss","level":3,"score":0.46409812569618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988672794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11475","display_name":"Free space","level":2,"score":0.4585449993610382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169822122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230187","display_name":"Crosstalk","level":2,"score":0.4576796889305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.4429943859577179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984336848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341668","display_name":"Optical coupling","level":3,"score":0.4419448971748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.43625566363334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4126896560192108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40824681520462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3278561532497406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20729371905326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/csndsp.2012.6292667","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp.2012.6292667","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 8th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks &amp; Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1646026649","https://openalex.org/W1978802641","https://openalex.org/W2040882982","https://openalex.org/W2053829207","https://openalex.org/W2077836543","https://openalex.org/W2118197836","https://openalex.org/W2134763537","https://openalex.org/W4230937717","https://openalex.org/W4299908858","https://openalex.org/W6680110313"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119214472","https://openalex.org/W2046590478","https://openalex.org/W2154487086","https://openalex.org/W2171585904","https://openalex.org/W4306148440","https://openalex.org/W2138073236","https://openalex.org/W2122593523","https://openalex.org/W2120313815","https://openalex.org/W2088044027","https://openalex.org/W2145771606"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nowadays":[0],"optical":[1,27,83,110,122,217],"fibres":[2,59,84],"are":[3,88,133,140,229,261,270],"significant":[4],"appliances":[5],"in":[6,74,142,231,244],"telecommunications.":[7],"They":[8],"offer":[9],"advantages,":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12],"a":[13,65,105,176,212,234],"high":[14],"transmission":[15],"capacity":[16],"and":[17,33,103,168],"minor":[18],"cable":[19,67,106,112],"attenuation.":[20],"Furthermore":[21],"no":[22,51],"crosstalk":[23],"occurs":[24],"by":[25,197],"using":[26,41,121],"fibres.":[28,42],"The":[29,95,145,193,206,214],"insensibility":[30],"to":[31,45,55,114,127,153,210,233],"electrical":[32],"magnetical":[34],"interferences":[35],"is":[36,47,50,85,100,124,152,189,209,241],"another":[37],"big":[38],"benefit":[39],"for":[40,137,202],"Also":[43],"important":[44],"mention":[46],"that":[48,86],"there":[49],"interference":[52],"radiation,":[53],"compared":[54],"other":[56],"systems.":[57],"Optical":[58],"do":[60],"not":[61,190,262],"emit":[62],"sparks":[63],"after":[64,104],"possible":[66,135,250],"break;":[68],"therefore":[69],"they":[70,87],"can":[71,172,199,219,255],"be":[72,115,173,200,256],"installed":[73],"explosion-prone":[75],"environments.":[76],"One":[77],"of":[78,82,120,148,184,216],"the":[79,98,108,125,155,160,182,221,265],"major":[80],"disadvantages":[81],"more":[89,101,226],"expensive":[90],"than":[91],"normal":[92],"copper":[93],"cables.":[94],"handling":[96],"during":[97],"transfer":[99],"difficult":[102],"break,":[107],"whole":[109],"fibre":[111,236],"has":[113],"replaced.":[116],"Another":[117],"considerable":[118],"part":[119],"cables":[123],"challenge":[126],"couple":[128],"light":[129,185,227],"into":[130],"it.":[131],"There":[132],"several":[134],"proceedings":[136],"coupling,":[138],"which":[139,157],"introduced":[141],"this":[143,245],"paper.":[144,246],"main":[146],"goal":[147],"every":[149,163],"coupling":[150,204,251],"method":[151],"reduce":[154],"losses,":[156],"appear":[158],"at":[159,175],"junctions":[161],"between":[162],"single":[164],"medium":[165],"(free":[166],"space":[167],"fibre).":[169],"These":[170],"losses":[171],"minored":[174],"specific":[177],"level.":[178],"As":[179],"already":[180],"proven,":[181],"usage":[183,215],"emitting":[186],"diodes":[187],"(LEDs)":[188],"highly":[191],"recommended.":[192],"incoherent":[194],"light,":[195],"emitted":[196],"LED":[198],"responsible":[201],"higher":[203],"losses.":[205],"better":[207],"way":[208],"use":[211],"laser.":[213],"tapers":[218],"increase":[220],"numeric":[222],"aperture":[223],"-":[224],"even":[225],"rays":[228],"coupled":[230],"opposition":[232],"simple":[235],"cross":[237],"section.":[238],"This":[239],"technique":[240],"also":[242],"demonstrated":[243],"To":[247],"evaluate":[248],"different":[249,268],"methods,":[252],"software":[253],"tools":[254,269],"utilized.":[257],"Complex":[258],"test":[259],"set-ups":[260],"necessary.":[263],"At":[264],"end,":[266],"some":[267],"introduced.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
