{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1903826297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csmr.2003.1192418","title":"The role of constructors in the context of refactoring object-oriented systems","display_name":"The role of constructors in the context of refactoring object-oriented systems","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1903826297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csmr.2003.1192418","mag":"1903826297"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/csmr.2003.1192418","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csmr.2003.1192418","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seventh European Conference onSoftware Maintenance and Reengineering, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011825057","display_name":"Rajaa Najjar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124357947","display_name":"University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04cw6st05","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185658715","display_name":"Universities UK","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmfs450","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185658715"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","display_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/02mb95055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Najjar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Brirbeck College, University of London, London, UK","Dept. of Comput. Sci., London Univ., UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Brirbeck College, University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., London Univ., UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I185658715","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083706258","display_name":"Steve Counsell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-8919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124357947","display_name":"University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04cw6st05","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185658715","display_name":"Universities UK","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmfs450","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185658715"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","display_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/02mb95055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Counsell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Brirbeck College, University of London, London, UK","Dept. of Comput. Sci., London Univ., UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Brirbeck College, University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., London Univ., UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I185658715","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024905226","display_name":"George Loizou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9376-9243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124357947","display_name":"University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04cw6st05","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185658715","display_name":"Universities UK","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmfs450","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185658715"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","display_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/02mb95055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Loizou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Brirbeck College, University of London, London, UK","Dept. of Comput. Sci., London Univ., UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Brirbeck College, University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., London Univ., UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I185658715","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046519397","display_name":"Keith Mannock","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124357947","display_name":"University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04cw6st05","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185658715","display_name":"Universities UK","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmfs450","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185658715"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","display_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/02mb95055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Mannock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Brirbeck College, University of London, London, UK","Dept. of Comput. Sci., London Univ., UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Brirbeck College, University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., London Univ., UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I185658715","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7745,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90626429,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"111","last_page":"120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-refactoring","display_name":"Code refactoring","score":0.9821736812591553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7794172763824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.6599162220954895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6231847405433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-oriented-programming","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","score":0.6069118976593018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-comprehension","display_name":"Program comprehension","score":0.5774234533309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.523202657699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4897944927215576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-maintenance","display_name":"Software maintenance","score":0.4380202293395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.43522417545318604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.27378422021865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.25867074728012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25584501028060913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152752567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116877","display_name":"Code refactoring","level":3,"score":0.9821736812591553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7794172763824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.6599162220954895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6231847405433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73752529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79872","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","level":2,"score":0.6069118976593018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777561058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2652119","display_name":"Program comprehension","level":4,"score":0.5774234533309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.523202657699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4897944927215576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101317890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940053","display_name":"Software maintenance","level":4,"score":0.4380202293395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.43522417545318604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.27378422021865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.25867074728012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25584501028060913}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/csmr.2003.1192418","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csmr.2003.1192418","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seventh European Conference onSoftware Maintenance and Reengineering, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6681031","https://openalex.org/W41699526","https://openalex.org/W137592611","https://openalex.org/W303041664","https://openalex.org/W1487664366","https://openalex.org/W1498770298","https://openalex.org/W1542113050","https://openalex.org/W1718727263","https://openalex.org/W1998017916","https://openalex.org/W2013142212","https://openalex.org/W2031246684","https://openalex.org/W2106615747","https://openalex.org/W2135400023","https://openalex.org/W2144777691","https://openalex.org/W2160538621","https://openalex.org/W2787379525","https://openalex.org/W3169801952","https://openalex.org/W4210777595","https://openalex.org/W4235077482","https://openalex.org/W6601698369","https://openalex.org/W6629724254","https://openalex.org/W6632564994"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4286331421","https://openalex.org/W2069073539","https://openalex.org/W2765394967","https://openalex.org/W2164913793","https://openalex.org/W2010680342","https://openalex.org/W1985559452","https://openalex.org/W3033357505","https://openalex.org/W1966036917","https://openalex.org/W4385255161","https://openalex.org/W2186150085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Constructors":[0],"play":[1],"an":[2],"essential":[3],"role":[4],"in":[5,24,89,147,171,205,212,216],"object-oriented":[6],"(OO)":[7],"languages":[8],"as":[9,220,222],"a":[10,53,76,118,131,181],"means":[11,180],"of":[12,34,48,55,75,78,91,95,100,114,125,130,156,163,176,183,202],"object":[13],"creation.":[14],"Yet,":[15],"very":[16],"little":[17],"empirical":[18],"evidence":[19,138],"exists":[20],"on":[21],"constructors,":[22],"trends":[23,146],"their":[25],"composition":[26],"and":[27,32,46,122,160,192,200],"how":[28],"they":[29],"impact":[30],"comprehension":[31,110],"encapsulation":[33,124],"OO":[35],"classes.":[36],"In":[37,154],"this":[38],"paper,":[39],"we":[40],"empirically":[41],"investigate":[42],"the":[43,98,105,112,164,174,223],"opportunities,":[44],"benefits":[45,88,194],"problems":[47,157],"refactoring":[49,62,168,203,215],"class":[50,109,126],"constructors":[51,67,148],"across":[52,97],"sample":[54],"classes":[56,79],"from":[57,139,198],"five":[58,140],"Java":[59,177],"systems.":[60,101],"The":[61,188],"used,":[63],"namely,":[64],"replacing":[65],"multiple":[66],"with":[68,208],"creation":[69,113],"methods,":[70],"was":[71],"applied":[72],"to":[73,149,195],"each":[74],"set":[77],"containing":[80],"three":[81],"or":[82],"more":[83],"constructors.":[84],"Empirical":[85],"results":[86,189],"showed":[87,104],"terms":[90,155],"removed":[92],"(duplicated)":[93],"lines":[94],"code":[96],"majority":[99],"They":[102],"also":[103,136,179],"potential":[106],"for":[107,120,152,185],"improved":[108,123],"by":[111],"non-constructor":[115],"methods":[116],"(as":[117],"replacement":[119],"constructors)":[121],"elements":[127],"through":[128],"use":[129,162],"private":[132],"catch-all":[133],"constructor.":[134],"We":[135],"provide":[137],"C++":[141],"systems":[142],"which":[143],"suggests":[144],"similar":[145],"those":[150],"found":[151],"Java.":[153],"encountered,":[158],"frequent":[159],"inconsistent":[161],"super":[165],"construct":[166],"made":[167],"prohibitively":[169],"difficult":[170],"some":[172],"cases;":[173,214],"existence":[175],"interfaces":[178],"lack":[182],"scope":[184],"constructor":[186],"refactoring.":[187],"indicate":[190],"clear":[191],"tangible":[193],"be":[196],"gained":[197],"investigation":[199],"implementation":[201],"techniques":[204],"Java,":[206],"but":[207],"caution":[209],"being":[210],"exercised":[211],"certain":[213],"practice":[217],"is":[218],"not":[219],"straightforward":[221],"theory":[224],"suggests.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
