{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3161196585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csicc52343.2021.9420594","title":"Design of an IoT-based Flood Early Detection System using Machine Learning","display_name":"Design of an IoT-based Flood Early Detection System using Machine Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3161196585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csicc52343.2021.9420594","mag":"3161196585"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/csicc52343.2021.9420594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csicc52343.2021.9420594","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 26th International Computer Conference, Computer Society of Iran (CSICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044578819","display_name":"F Mousavi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38476204","display_name":"Urmia University","ror":"https://ror.org/032fk0x53","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38476204"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatereh Sadat Mousavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Urmia University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Urmia,Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Urmia University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Urmia,Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38476204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035573277","display_name":"Saleh Yousefi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3093-5953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38476204","display_name":"Urmia University","ror":"https://ror.org/032fk0x53","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38476204"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saleh Yousefi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Urmia University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Urmia,Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Urmia University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Urmia,Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38476204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088259535","display_name":"Hirad Abghari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3407-3297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38476204","display_name":"Urmia University","ror":"https://ror.org/032fk0x53","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38476204"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hirad Abghari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Urmia University,Department of Rangeland and Watershed,Urmia,Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Urmia University,Department of Rangeland and Watershed,Urmia,Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38476204"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040929062","display_name":"Ardalan Ghasemzadeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143150842","display_name":"Urmia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02v319z25","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143150842"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ardalan Ghasemzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Urmia University of Technology,Department of IT & Computer Engineering,Urmia,Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Urmia University of Technology,Department of IT & Computer Engineering,Urmia,Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143150842"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.787559986114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-myth","display_name":"Flood myth","score":0.73594069480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5823214650154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5725502967834473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5252406597137451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5218571424484253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5156470537185669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.49698832631111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.48545652627944946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.4617479145526886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.44415906071662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.4320175349712372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watershed","display_name":"Watershed","score":0.43171870708465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.41393494606018066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3599259853363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2764987647533417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.21841156482696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.10922360420227051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09627792239189148}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.787559986114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74256435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134052","display_name":"Flood myth","level":2,"score":0.73594069480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5823214650154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5725502967834473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5252406597137451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5218571424484253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5156470537185669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.49698832631111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.48545652627944946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.4617479145526886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.44415906071662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.4320175349712372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150547873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947851","display_name":"Watershed","level":2,"score":0.43171870708465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.41393494606018066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3599259853363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2764987647533417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.21841156482696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.10922360420227051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09627792239189148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/csicc52343.2021.9420594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csicc52343.2021.9420594","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 26th International Computer Conference, Computer Society of Iran (CSICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081059972","https://openalex.org/W2238723005","https://openalex.org/W2276450549","https://openalex.org/W2557390352","https://openalex.org/W2620537337","https://openalex.org/W2754549675","https://openalex.org/W2772049907","https://openalex.org/W2781583119","https://openalex.org/W2791088620","https://openalex.org/W2793467602","https://openalex.org/W2898791292","https://openalex.org/W2944851425","https://openalex.org/W2953521532","https://openalex.org/W2962691290","https://openalex.org/W2973053290","https://openalex.org/W2991336573","https://openalex.org/W6694471982","https://openalex.org/W6749682618","https://openalex.org/W6767889445"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2493062119","https://openalex.org/W1980614686","https://openalex.org/W1992288292","https://openalex.org/W2144571534","https://openalex.org/W4387955966","https://openalex.org/W4225394202","https://openalex.org/W4298287631","https://openalex.org/W2953061907","https://openalex.org/W3032952384","https://openalex.org/W4214747436"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Floods":[0],"are":[1,26,143],"a":[2,52,76],"complex":[3],"phenomenon":[4],"that":[5,19,35,138,163],"is":[6,49],"difficult":[7],"to":[8,23,50,123,156,167],"predict":[9,168],"because":[10],"of":[11,39,46,68,88],"their":[12],"non-linear":[13],"and":[14,32,57,90,108,149,158,173,177],"dynamic":[15],"nature.":[16],"Gauging":[17],"stations":[18,130],"transmit":[20],"measured":[21],"data":[22,41,120],"the":[24,37,86,139,147],"server":[25],"often":[27],"placed":[28],"in":[29],"very":[30],"harsh":[31],"far":[33],"environments":[34],"make":[36],"risk":[38],"missing":[40],"so":[42],"high.":[43],"The":[44,119],"purpose":[45],"this":[47],"study":[48],"develop":[51],"real-time":[53],"reliable":[54],"flood":[55,117,160],"monitoring":[56],"detection":[58,161],"system":[59],"using":[60],"deep":[61,140],"learning.":[62],"This":[63],"paper":[64],"proposed":[65],"an":[66,99],"Internet":[67],"Things":[69],"(IoT)":[70],"approach":[71],"for":[72,116],"utilizing":[73],"LoRaWAN":[74],"as":[75],"reliable,":[77],"low":[78],"power,":[79],"wide":[80],"area":[81],"communication":[82],"technology":[83],"by":[84],"considering":[85],"effect":[87],"radius":[89],"transmission":[91],"rate":[92],"on":[93],"packet":[94],"loss.":[95],"Besides,":[96],"we":[97],"evaluate":[98],"artificial":[100],"neural":[101,113],"network":[102,114],"(ANN),":[103],"Long":[104],"Short-Term":[105],"Memory":[106],"(LSTM),":[107],"Gated":[109],"Recurrent":[110],"Unit":[111],"(GRU)":[112],"models":[115,142],"forecasting.":[118],"from":[121,127],"2013":[122],"2019":[124],"were":[125],"collected":[126],"four":[128],"gauging":[129],"at":[131,170],"Brandywine-Christina":[132],"watershed,":[133],"Pennsylvania.":[134],"Our":[135],"results":[136,153],"show":[137],"learning":[141],"more":[144],"accurate":[145],"than":[146],"physical":[148],"statistical":[150],"models.":[151],"These":[152],"can":[154],"help":[155],"provide":[157],"implement":[159],"systems":[162],"would":[164],"be":[165],"able":[166],"floods":[169],"rescue":[171],"time":[172],"reduce":[174],"financial,":[175],"human,":[176],"infrastructural":[178],"damage.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
