{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411551157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cscwd64889.2025.11033553","title":"WATER: A Two-Stage in-Context Learning Debiasing Framework for Multilingual Text Classification","display_name":"WATER: A Two-Stage in-Context Learning Debiasing Framework for Multilingual Text Classification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411551157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cscwd64889.2025.11033553"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cscwd64889.2025.11033553","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cscwd64889.2025.11033553","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 28th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007697265","display_name":"Wentao Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wentao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120055077","display_name":"Zeyong Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7945-2867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyong Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100639988","display_name":"Dong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3310-8347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186272606","display_name":"Guangdong University of Foreign Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/00fhc9y79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186272606"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186272606"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022247745","display_name":"Zhijin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1264-3823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115076610","display_name":"Yongmei Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2661-3078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186272606","display_name":"Guangdong University of Foreign Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/00fhc9y79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186272606"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongmei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186272606"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070480766","display_name":"Nankai Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2838-8273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186272606","display_name":"Guangdong University of Foreign Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/00fhc9y79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186272606"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nankai Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186272606"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062957615","display_name":"Aimin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7671-6150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aimin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"722","last_page":"727"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.901199996471405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.901199996471405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debiasing","display_name":"Debiasing","score":0.9382053017616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7875716686248779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6180490255355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","score":0.5091840624809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4219169616699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.40179669857025146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3758087158203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3337762951850891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11514723300933838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.0611613392829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.0564541220664978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779458634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24963715","display_name":"Debiasing","level":2,"score":0.9382053017616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7875716686248779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6180490255355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5091840624809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4219169616699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.40179669857025146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3758087158203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3337762951850891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11514723300933838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.0611613392829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0564541220664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cscwd64889.2025.11033553","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cscwd64889.2025.11033553","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 28th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3104299295","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62376062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2253444830","https://openalex.org/W2791170418","https://openalex.org/W2802105481","https://openalex.org/W2970641574","https://openalex.org/W2972413484","https://openalex.org/W3035591180","https://openalex.org/W3122241445","https://openalex.org/W4223600764","https://openalex.org/W4385571076","https://openalex.org/W6721933647","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6774575565","https://openalex.org/W6778883912","https://openalex.org/W6844011046","https://openalex.org/W6850625674","https://openalex.org/W6856005151","https://openalex.org/W6859932994"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362554880","https://openalex.org/W4281684980","https://openalex.org/W4386875279","https://openalex.org/W2171721708","https://openalex.org/W4390963114","https://openalex.org/W4287887864","https://openalex.org/W3214527415","https://openalex.org/W1495104519","https://openalex.org/W4225584739","https://openalex.org/W2199432031"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"Large":[1],"Language":[2],"Models":[3],"(LLMs)":[4],"have":[5],"shown":[6],"remarkable":[7],"success":[8],"across":[9],"a":[10,64,106],"variety":[11],"of":[12,27,185,196,211],"tasks,":[13],"with":[14,146],"rapid":[15],"advancements":[16],"in":[17,30,45,50,53,131,188,213],"supporting":[18],"multilingual":[19,54,175,214],"capabilities.":[20],"However,":[21],"these":[22],"models":[23,41],"exhibit":[24],"varying":[25],"degrees":[26],"demographic":[28],"biases":[29,44,190],"text":[31,47,112,176],"classification":[32,177,215],"tasks.":[33,216],"Most":[34],"existing":[35],"research":[36],"focuses":[37],"on":[38],"debiasing":[39],"pre-trained":[40],"or":[42],"addressing":[43],"monolingual":[46],"classification,":[48],"resulting":[49],"limited":[51],"exploration":[52],"contexts.":[55],"To":[56],"solve":[57],"the":[58,77,101,116,120,132,143,150,160,164,170,174,183,207],"above":[59],"problems,":[60],"this":[61],"paper":[62],"introduces":[63],"tWo-stAge":[65],"in-conText":[66],"learning":[67],"dEbiasing":[68],"fRamework":[69],"(WATER).":[70],"Our":[71,179],"approach":[72],"does":[73],"not":[74],"require":[75],"updating":[76],"model's":[78],"parameters":[79],"and":[80,95,98,153,166,200,209],"is":[81,156],"adaptable":[82],"to":[83,110,136,158,172,192,205],"any":[84],"language.":[85],"It":[86],"includes":[87],"three":[88],"key":[89],"modules:":[90],"sample":[91,93,107,133],"selection,":[92],"filtering,":[94],"template":[96,151,165],"filling":[97,152],"prediction.":[99],"In":[100,119],"first":[102],"stage,":[103,122],"we":[104,123],"leverage":[105],"selection":[108],"module":[109,135,155],"identify":[111],"that":[113,140],"closely":[114],"matches":[115],"model":[117,171],"embeddings.":[118],"second":[121],"introduce":[124],"an":[125],"innovative":[126],"Contextual":[127],"Disparity":[128],"Measure":[129],"(CDM)":[130],"filtering":[134],"filter":[137],"out":[138],"samples":[139,162],"effectively":[141],"address":[142],"bias":[144],"associated":[145],"specific":[147],"attributes.":[148],"Finally,":[149],"prediction":[154],"used":[157],"fill":[159],"selected":[161],"into":[163,169],"input":[167],"them":[168],"complete":[173],"task.":[178],"experimental":[180],"results":[181],"verify":[182],"effectiveness":[184],"our":[186],"method":[187],"mitigating":[189],"related":[191],"four":[193],"sensitive":[194],"attributes":[195],"gender,":[197],"age,":[198],"race,":[199],"country,":[201],"demonstrating":[202],"its":[203],"potential":[204],"improve":[206],"fairness":[208],"accuracy":[210],"LLMs":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}