{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400490444","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cscwd61410.2024.10580425","title":"An Entropy-based Field Segmentation Method for Unknown Protocols in Industrial IoT","display_name":"An Entropy-based Field Segmentation Method for Unknown Protocols in Industrial IoT","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400490444","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cscwd61410.2024.10580425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cscwd61410.2024.10580425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cscwd61410.2024.10580425","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 27th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111253271","display_name":"Zheyi Sha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheyi Sha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University,College of Intelligence and Computing,Tianjin,China,300350"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University,College of Intelligence and Computing,Tianjin,China,300350","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100631262","display_name":"Chunfeng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2893-9066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunfeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University,College of Intelligence and Computing,Tianjin,China,300350"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University,College of Intelligence and Computing,Tianjin,China,300350","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083871473","display_name":"Xiaobo Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7772-458X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobo Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University,College of Intelligence and Computing,Tianjin,China,300350"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University,College of Intelligence and Computing,Tianjin,China,300350","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111598130","display_name":"Chen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4971-5029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xidian University,State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks,Xi’an,China,710071"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xidian University,State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks,Xi’an,China,710071","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010896589","display_name":"Fengbiao Zan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9128-8043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116265982","display_name":"Qinghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h33bt13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116265982"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengbiao Zan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qinghai Minzu University,School of Computer,Xining,China,810007"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qinghai Minzu University,School of Computer,Xining,China,810007","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116265982"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037428599","display_name":"Tie Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2324-2523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tie Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University,College of Intelligence and Computing,Tianjin,China,300350"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University,College of Intelligence and Computing,Tianjin,China,300350","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3257","last_page":"3262"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.8978000283241272,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.8978000283241272,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.897599995136261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.8644999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6961045861244202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5874319076538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5543373227119446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5068607926368713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4614800810813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4352070689201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42720043659210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.15279799699783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12637773156166077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06543400883674622}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6961045861244202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5874319076538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5543373227119446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5068607926368713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4614800810813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4352070689201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42720043659210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.15279799699783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12637773156166077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06543400883674622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cscwd61410.2024.10580425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cscwd61410.2024.10580425","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 27th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336754","display_name":"Tianjin Research Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018506753","https://openalex.org/W2032739296","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2961010045","https://openalex.org/W3004758087","https://openalex.org/W3023951208","https://openalex.org/W3043320740","https://openalex.org/W3083977451","https://openalex.org/W3091889505","https://openalex.org/W3138456218","https://openalex.org/W3207485682","https://openalex.org/W4283217759","https://openalex.org/W4289038676","https://openalex.org/W4292794767","https://openalex.org/W4308479228","https://openalex.org/W4379284644","https://openalex.org/W4385258403","https://openalex.org/W4387872679","https://openalex.org/W6753907239"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W2950174689","https://openalex.org/W4200598720","https://openalex.org/W2921026492","https://openalex.org/W4247463117","https://openalex.org/W3155146721","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unknown":[0],"industrial":[1],"control":[2],"protocols":[3],"(ICPs)":[4],"seriously":[5],"hamper":[6],"the":[7,14,21,41,54,80,113,127,131,150,157],"device":[8],"intercommunication":[9],"and":[10,68,116],"security":[11],"analysis":[12,29,70],"of":[13,17,23,83,120,134,159],"Industrial":[15],"Internet":[16],"Things":[18],"due":[19],"to":[20,36,45,87,148],"absence":[22],"public":[24],"specification":[25],"information.":[26],"Protocol":[27],"reverse":[28],"has":[30],"emerged":[31],"as":[32,63],"a":[33],"promising":[34],"technology":[35],"infer":[37],"their":[38,51],"specifications,":[39],"where":[40],"primary":[42],"step":[43],"is":[44],"extract":[46],"protocol":[47,108],"fields":[48],"by":[49],"locating":[50],"boundaries":[52],"in":[53,78,89,126,138],"network":[55],"packet.":[56,128],"Previous":[57],"works":[58],"leverage":[59],"various":[60],"algorithms,":[61],"such":[62],"sequence":[64],"alignment,":[65],"keyword":[66],"mining,":[67],"statistic":[69],"for":[71,103,162],"field":[72,100,151,164],"extraction.":[73,165],"However,":[74],"they":[75],"have":[76],"limitations":[77],"excavating":[79],"unique":[81],"features":[82,137],"ICP":[84,140,163],"fields,":[85,141],"leading":[86],"inaccuracies":[88],"boundary":[90],"localization.":[91],"To":[92],"address":[93],"this":[94],"problem,":[95],"we":[96,111,142],"propose":[97],"an":[98],"entropy-based":[99],"segmentation":[101,146],"method":[102,161],"unknown":[104],"ICPs.":[105],"After":[106],"stacking":[107],"packets":[109],"vertically,":[110],"calculate":[112],"information":[114,117],"entropy":[115,136],"gain":[118],"ratio":[119],"data":[121],"values":[122],"at":[123],"each":[124],"location":[125],"By":[129],"analyzing":[130],"distribution":[132],"variations":[133],"these":[135],"diverse":[139],"derive":[143],"multiple":[144],"packet":[145],"rules":[147],"locate":[149],"boundaries.":[152],"Extensive":[153],"comparative":[154],"experiments":[155],"demonstrate":[156],"superiority":[158],"our":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}