{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400490044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cscwd61410.2024.10580297","title":"Reinforced Perturbation Generation for Adversarial Text-based CAPTCHA","display_name":"Reinforced Perturbation Generation for Adversarial Text-based CAPTCHA","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400490044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cscwd61410.2024.10580297"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cscwd61410.2024.10580297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cscwd61410.2024.10580297","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 27th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101829519","display_name":"Zhijun Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6854-697X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijun Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069487674","display_name":"Zhuoting Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7393-1832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoting Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093631534","display_name":"Zhuopan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2980-8958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuopan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008748675","display_name":"Zhenguo Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9392-1375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenguo Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041611973","display_name":"Xiaoping Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3201-0038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoping Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073720799","display_name":"Wenyin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6237-6607"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenyin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhongguancun Laboratory,Beijing,P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongguancun Laboratory,Beijing,P.R. China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6895,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75013637,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2746","last_page":"2751"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9508000016212463,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8726810216903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/captcha","display_name":"CAPTCHA","score":0.7829355001449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6151973605155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perturbation","display_name":"Perturbation (astronomy)","score":0.4295700490474701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40574970841407776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19301855564117432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.06713858246803284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8726810216903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163339463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484598","display_name":"CAPTCHA","level":2,"score":0.7829355001449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6151973605155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177918212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q803623","display_name":"Perturbation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.4295700490474701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40574970841407776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19301855564117432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.06713858246803284}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cscwd61410.2024.10580297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cscwd61410.2024.10580297","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 27th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3134776999","https://openalex.org/W1975364925","https://openalex.org/W2064097623","https://openalex.org/W1966530388","https://openalex.org/W2566963304","https://openalex.org/W2028308373","https://openalex.org/W2111502540","https://openalex.org/W2770704788"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Text-based":[0],"CAPTCHA":[1,43,138,149,156],"remains":[2],"a":[3,24,41,56,63,68,84],"widely":[4],"employed":[5],"scheme":[6],"for":[7,49],"distinguishing":[8],"between":[9,97],"human":[10],"users":[11],"and":[12,39,101],"machine":[13,50,141],"attackers":[14],"during":[15],"logging-in":[16],"on":[17,117,146],"systems.":[18],"In":[19,105],"this":[20],"paper,":[21],"we":[22],"propose":[23],"reinforced":[25],"perturbation":[26,34,57,65,69,81,87,124,128],"generation":[27,88],"(RPG)":[28],"framework":[29],"to":[30,61,75,112,132,139],"automatically":[31],"construct":[32],"effective":[33],"factors":[35,82,129],"with":[36,135],"reinforcement":[37,70],"learning,":[38],"achieve":[40],"perturbed":[42],"that":[44],"is":[45,73,91,110],"user-friendly":[46],"but":[47],"challenging":[48],"attackers.":[51,142],"More":[52],"specifically,":[53],"RPG":[54],"exploits":[55],"initialization":[58],"(PI)":[59],"component":[60,72],"provide":[62],"preliminary":[64],"factor.":[66],"Furthermore,":[67],"(PR)":[71],"devised":[74],"optimize":[76],"the":[77,95,114,123,136,155],"combinations":[78],"of":[79,86],"multiple":[80,127],"by":[83,93],"number":[85],"methods,":[89],"which":[90],"achieved":[92],"reducing":[94],"gap":[96],"estimated":[98],"cumulative":[99,103],"rewards":[100],"real":[102],"rewards.":[104],"particular,":[106],"an":[107],"attack":[108,157],"model":[109],"introduced":[111],"produce":[113],"reward":[115],"based":[116],"whether":[118],"it":[119],"can":[120],"correctly":[121],"recognize":[122],"CAPTCHA.":[125],"The":[126],"are":[130],"fused":[131],"be":[133],"combined":[134],"original":[137],"against":[140,154],"Extensive":[143],"experiments":[144],"conducted":[145],"eight":[147],"real-world":[148],"datasets":[150],"show":[151],"outstanding":[152],"performance":[153],"models.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}