{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392410941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cscn60443.2023.10453147","title":"Rate Splitting Multiple Access: Prototypes, Experiments and Standardization Efforts","display_name":"Rate Splitting Multiple Access: Prototypes, Experiments and Standardization Efforts","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392410941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cscn60443.2023.10453147"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cscn60443.2023.10453147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cscn60443.2023.10453147","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking (CSCN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062610685","display_name":"Sundar Aditya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3818-2332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sundar Aditya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047948735","display_name":"Onur Dizdar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5849-6887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142640","display_name":"Viavi Solutions (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/0489rbg31","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800524328","https://openalex.org/I4210142640"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Onur Dizdar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Viavi Solutions UK Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Viavi Solutions UK Ltd","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142640"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033169667","display_name":"David Vargas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0158-6352"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Vargas","raw_affiliation_strings":["BBC R&D"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBC R&D","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070530952","display_name":"Bruno Clerckx","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5949-6459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123126","display_name":"Silicon Austria Labs (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/03b1qgn79","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["AT","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Clerckx","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London","Silicon Austria Labs"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Silicon Austria Labs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123126"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101751091","display_name":"Stephen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1906-9206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142640","display_name":"Viavi Solutions (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/0489rbg31","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800524328","https://openalex.org/I4210142640"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Viavi Solutions UK Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Viavi Solutions UK Ltd","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142640"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101385420","display_name":"Xinze Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7101-8139"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinze Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101704268","display_name":"Sibo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3018-3802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sibo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London","BBC R&D"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBC R&D","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"376","last_page":"376"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.973800003528595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.968999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.9137428998947144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6904135942459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.33024168014526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1968967616558075}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.9137428998947144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6904135942459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.33024168014526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1968967616558075}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cscn60443.2023.10453147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cscn60443.2023.10453147","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking (CSCN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320283","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319302984","https://openalex.org/W4392158205","https://openalex.org/W6856767495"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2378767206","https://openalex.org/W1540871478","https://openalex.org/W328308450","https://openalex.org/W282641168","https://openalex.org/W2376963063","https://openalex.org/W2066396794","https://openalex.org/W2366734808","https://openalex.org/W2002476357","https://openalex.org/W2391444248"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rate":[0],"Splitting":[1],"Multiple":[2,38],"Access":[3,39],"(RSMA)":[4],"has":[5],"emerged":[6],"as":[7,168,252,414,550,610,616],"a":[8,56,99,115,293,378,400,421,493,611,617],"powerful":[9],"physical":[10],"(PHY)":[11],"layer":[12],"multiple":[13],"access":[14],"technique":[15],"for":[16,64,312,330,418,437,467,507,548,558,582,620],"multi-antenna":[17],"networks":[18],"that":[19],"achieves":[20],"better":[21],"outcomes":[22],"\u2013":[23,32,410,542],"in":[24,42,277,314,447,488,495,586,607],"terms":[25,587],"of":[26,240,270,296,317,380,528,588],"spectral":[27,258],"efficiency,":[28,30],"energy":[29],"etc.":[31],"than":[33,386],"the":[34,60,65,82,123,148,151,154,163,183,193,202,225,249,257,358,362,369,406,451,468,525,537,551,602],"conventional":[35],"Space":[36],"Division":[37],"(SDMA)":[40],"used":[41,127,557],"3GPP":[43,318,603],"5G":[44,319],"NR":[45,320],"and":[46,70,77,95,135,145,222,284,302,321,349,383,441,514,561,576,593],"IEEE":[47,322],"802.11.In":[48],"RSMA,":[49],"to":[50,97,113,128,170,215,405,416,433,473,519,523,601,613],"simultaneously":[51],"serve":[52],"K":[53,124,136],"receivers":[54],"(RXs),":[55],"transmitter":[57],"(TX)":[58],"splits":[59],"message,":[61,234],"$W_{k}$,":[62],"intended":[63,233],"$k$-th":[66,152,226],"RX":[67,246,360,470,486],"into":[68],"common":[69,83,100,134,155,305],"private":[71,106,116,137,166,204],"portions":[72,84],"denoted":[73],"by":[74,161,342],"$W_{c,":[75,220],"k}$":[76,109,221],"$W_{p,":[78,108,217,223],"k}$,":[79,224],"respectively.":[80],"All":[81],"-":[85,92],"i.e,":[86],"$\\left\\{W_{c,":[87,172],"k}:":[88],"k=1,":[89],"\\cdots,":[90,120,175],"K\\right\\}$":[91],"are":[93,126,534,579],"combined":[94],"encoded":[96,112],"form":[98,114,129],"data":[101,117,131],"stream,":[102,118],"$s_{c}$.":[103],"Likewise,":[104],"each":[105],"portion":[107],"is":[110,141,158,207,292,459,464,492,517,545],"individually":[111,143],"$s_{k}(k=1,":[119],"K)$.":[121],"Thus,":[122],"messages":[125],"$K+1$":[130],"streams":[132,167],"(one":[133],"streams).":[138],"Each":[139,245],"stream":[140,156,205,263,554],"then":[142],"precoded":[144,262,553],"transmitted":[146],"over":[147,264,273,372,388],"air.":[149],"At":[150],"RX,":[153],"$\\left(s_{c}\\right)$":[157],"first":[159],"decoded":[160,208],"treating":[162],"other":[164,508],"interfering":[165,390],"noise":[169],"retrieve":[171,216],"j}:":[173,197],"j=1,":[174],"K\\right\\}-$":[176],"i.e.,":[177],"not":[178],"just":[179],"(a":[180,190],"part":[181,191],"of)":[182,192],"desired":[184],"message":[185,300],"($W_{c,":[186],"k}$),":[187],"but":[188],"also":[189,479],"multi-user":[194,250],"interference":[195,212,243,251],"$\\left(\\left\\{W_{c,":[196],"j":[198],"\\neq":[199],"k\\right\\}\\right)$.":[200],"Then,":[201],"corresponding":[203],"$\\left(s_{k}\\right)$":[206],"(e.g.,":[209],"through":[210],"successive":[211],"cancellation":[213],"(SIC))":[214],"k}$.":[218],"From":[219],"${\\bf":[227],"R":[228],"X}$":[229],"can":[230,478,555],"reconstruct":[231],"its":[232,521],"$W_{k}$":[235],"[1].":[236],"The":[237,260],"salient":[238],"features":[239,308],"RSMA":[241,297,310,334,363,376,398,463,544,600],"are:\u2022Enhanced":[242],"suppression:":[244],"partially":[247],"decodes":[248],"described":[253],"above,":[254],"which":[255],"increases":[256],"efficiency.\u2022Versatility:":[259],"extra":[261,552],"SDMA":[265,291,387],"(i.e.,":[266,298],"$K":[267],"+1$":[268],"instead":[269],"$K)$":[271],"enables":[272],"40":[274],"new/emerging":[275],"applications":[276],"future":[278,315,529],"wireless":[279],"networks,":[280],"e.g.,":[281],"Integrated":[282],"Sensing":[283],"Communications":[285],"(ISAC)":[286],"[1,":[287],"Section":[288,355],"V].\u2022Generality:":[289],"Crucially,":[290],"special":[294],"case":[295,409],"no":[299,304,567],"splitting":[301],"hence,":[303],"stream).The":[306],"above":[307],"make":[309],"promising":[311],"standardization":[313,571,589],"evolutions":[316],"802.11.To":[323],"raise":[324],"RSMA\u2019s":[325,430,505,570,584],"technology":[326],"readiness":[327],"level":[328],"(TRL)":[329],"standardization,":[331],"two":[332,359],"independent":[333],"prototypes":[335],"have":[336],"been":[337],"built":[338],"using":[339,368,536],"software-defined":[340],"radios":[341],"teams":[343],"at":[344,450],"Imperial":[345,370,538],"College":[346],"London":[347],"[2]":[348],"Viavi":[350,594],"Solutions":[351],"UK":[352],"Ltd":[353],"[3,":[354],"III].":[356],"For":[357,420],"case,":[361],"sum":[364],"throughput":[365,402],"was":[366],"measured":[367],"prototype":[371,490],"line-of-sight":[373],"(LoS)":[374],"channels.":[375,391],"achieved":[377],"gain":[379],"upto":[381],"57%":[382],"more":[384],"fairness":[385],"highly":[389],"Additionally,":[392],"with":[393,444,502],"quantized":[394],"channel":[395],"state":[396],"feedback,":[397],"experienced":[399],"smaller":[401],"loss":[403],"relative":[404],"unquantized":[407],"feedback":[408],"37%,":[411],"on":[412,599],"average,":[413],"opposed":[415],"44%":[417],"SDMA.":[419],"detailed":[422],"discussion,":[423],"see":[424],"[2].These":[425],"impressive":[426],"early":[427],"results":[428],"notwithstanding,":[429],"benefits":[431],"need":[432],"be":[434,556],"further":[435],"demonstrated":[436],"different":[438],"use":[439,510],"cases":[440],"operating":[442],"environments":[443,581],"minimal":[445],"increase":[446],"complexity,":[448],"especially":[449],"RX.":[452],"Our":[453],"approach":[454],"towards":[455],"addressing":[456],"these":[457,485,532],"challenges":[458],"summarized":[460],"below:\u2022RX":[461],"Complexity:":[462],"often":[465],"criticized":[466],"increased":[469],"complexity":[471],"due":[472],"SIC.":[474],"However,":[475],"SIC-free":[476],"RXs":[477],"achieve":[480],"near-SIC":[481],"performance":[482],"[4].":[483],"Realizing":[484,563],"architectures":[487],"our":[489],"upgrades":[491],"work":[494],"progress.\u2022Extended":[496],"enhanced":[497],"Mobile":[498],"Broadbanc":[499],"(eMBB):":[500],"Along":[501],"unicast,":[503],"raising":[504],"TRL":[506],"eMBB":[509],"cases,":[511],"like":[512],"multicast":[513],"joint":[515],"unicast/multicast,":[516],"essential":[518],"demonstrate":[520],"suitability":[522],"handle":[524],"traffic":[526],"demands":[527],"networks.":[530],"Currently,":[531],"measurements":[533],"underway":[535],"prototype.\u2022Emerging":[539],"Use":[540],"Case":[541],"ISAC:":[543],"ideally":[546],"suited":[547],"ISAC,":[549],"both":[559],"communications":[560],"sensing.":[562],"this":[564],"potential":[565],"would":[566],"doubt":[568],"enhance":[569],"appeal.\u2022Challenging":[572],"Operating":[573],"Environments:":[574],"Non-LoS":[575],"high":[577],"mobility":[578],"benchmark":[580],"evaluating":[583],"performance.Finally,":[585],"efforts,":[590],"BBC":[591],"[5]":[592],"[6]":[595],"submitted":[596],"technical":[597],"contributions":[598],"Release":[604,621],"19":[605],"workshop":[606],"June":[608],"2023,":[609],"precursor":[612],"promoting":[614],"it":[615],"study":[618],"item":[619],"20.":[622]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}