{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280545967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coolchips54332.2022.9772668","title":"A 1036 TOp/s/W, 12.2 mW, 2.72 \u03bcJ/Inference All Digital TNN Accelerator in 22 nm FDX Technology for TinyML Applications","display_name":"A 1036 TOp/s/W, 12.2 mW, 2.72 \u03bcJ/Inference All Digital TNN Accelerator in 22 nm FDX Technology for TinyML Applications","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280545967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coolchips54332.2022.9772668"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/coolchips54332.2022.9772668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coolchips54332.2022.9772668","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Symposium in Low-Power and High-Speed Chips (COOL CHIPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11585/905340","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017396450","display_name":"Moritz Scherer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2762-2307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moritz Scherer","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zürich,Dept. of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zürich,Dept. of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019091178","display_name":"Alfio Di Mauro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6688-1603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfio Di Mauro","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zürich,Dept. of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zürich,Dept. of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007387832","display_name":"Georg Rutishauser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8875-7611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georg Rutishauser","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zürich,Dept. of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zürich,Dept. of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103019315","display_name":"Tim Fischer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9700-1286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zürich,Dept. of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zürich,Dept. of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043408422","display_name":"Luca Benini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8068-3806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["CH","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Benini","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zürich,Dept. of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Switzerland","Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zürich,Dept. of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.783,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71165504,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6521669626235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6395249962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ternary-operation","display_name":"Ternary operation","score":0.555051326751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.49154600501060486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4801734983921051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.35089415311813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3035658597946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.18616238236427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.11088564991950989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.07427087426185608}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6521669626235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6395249962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64452783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1524945","display_name":"Ternary operation","level":2,"score":0.555051326751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.49154600501060486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4801734983921051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.35089415311813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3035658597946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.18616238236427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.11088564991950989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07427087426185608}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/coolchips54332.2022.9772668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coolchips54332.2022.9772668","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Symposium in Low-Power and High-Speed Chips (COOL CHIPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/905340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11585/905340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/580170","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/580170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402302","display_name":"Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","host_organization_name":"ETH Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Symposium in Low-Power and High-Speed Chips (COOL CHIPS)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000580170","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000580170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051236","display_name":"ETH Z\u00fcrich Research Collection","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/905340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11585/905340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963255460","https://openalex.org/W3048617363","https://openalex.org/W3097758485"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070443794","https://openalex.org/W2928193004","https://openalex.org/W2914488349","https://openalex.org/W2193481349","https://openalex.org/W1994030850","https://openalex.org/W260863705","https://openalex.org/W3181709876","https://openalex.org/W2055243143","https://openalex.org/W921290243","https://openalex.org/W3082765968"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tiny":[0],"Machine":[1],"Learning":[2],"(TinyML)":[3],"applications":[4],"impose":[5],"\u03bcJ/Inference":[6],"constraints,":[7],"with":[8,38,71],"maximum":[9],"power":[10],"consumption":[11],"of":[12,16,74],"a":[13,27,39,49,65],"few":[14],"tens":[15],"mW.":[17],"It":[18],"is":[19,81],"extremely":[20],"challenging":[21],"to":[22],"meet":[23],"these":[24],"requirement":[25],"at":[26,61],"reasonable":[28],"accuracy":[29,73],"level.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32,36],"work,":[33],"we":[34],"address":[35],"challenge":[37],"flexible,":[40],"fully":[41],"digital":[42],"Ternary":[43],"Neural":[44],"Network":[45],"(TNN)":[46],"accelerator":[47],"in":[48,87],"RISC-V-based":[50],"SoC.":[51],"The":[52,77],"design":[53],"achieves":[54],"2.72":[55],"\u03bcJ/Inference,":[56],"12.2":[57],"mW,":[58],"3200":[59],"Inferences/sec":[60],"0.5":[62],"V":[63],"for":[64],"non-trivial":[66],"9-layer,":[67],"96":[68],"channels-per-layer":[69],"network":[70],"CIFAR-10":[72],"86":[75],"%.":[76],"peak":[78],"energy":[79],"efficiency":[80],"1036":[82],"TOp/s/W,":[83],"outperforming":[84],"the":[85],"state-of-the-art":[86],"silicon-proven":[88],"TinyML":[89],"accelerators":[90],"by":[91],"1.67x.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-04T06:09:54.619538","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}