{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2975174655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/contel.2019.8848532","title":"Technical Analysis of an Initial Coin Offering","display_name":"Technical Analysis of an Initial Coin Offering","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2975174655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/contel.2019.8848532","mag":"2975174655"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/contel.2019.8848532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/contel.2019.8848532","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 15th International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005276501","display_name":"Alen Hrga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8484-2886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alen Hrga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb","Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004868341","display_name":"Federico-Matteo Bencic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico-Matteo Bencic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb","Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023539107","display_name":"Ivana Podnar \u017darko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5619-2142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivana Podnar Zarko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb","Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005276501"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0349,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90050099,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.9681000113487244,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.9523143172264099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.766067385673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.7147116661071777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.7077579498291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6105636954307556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-currency","display_name":"Digital currency","score":0.5981762409210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.4955075979232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.486666738986969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4865092635154724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/currency","display_name":"Currency","score":0.47133302688598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commerce","display_name":"Commerce","score":0.3818991780281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.34735244512557983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.22235316038131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.15525299310684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.1085655689239502}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.9523143172264099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.766067385673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.7147116661071777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.7077579498291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6105636954307556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48220719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10836209","display_name":"Digital currency","level":3,"score":0.5981762409210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.4955075979232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.486666738986969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4865092635154724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141121606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8142","display_name":"Currency","level":2,"score":0.47133302688598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54750564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643","display_name":"Commerce","level":1,"score":0.3818991780281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34735244512557983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.22235316038131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.15525299310684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1085655689239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/contel.2019.8848532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/contel.2019.8848532","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 15th International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578321116","https://openalex.org/W2760748203","https://openalex.org/W2761453633","https://openalex.org/W2773477560","https://openalex.org/W2777154820","https://openalex.org/W2782478122","https://openalex.org/W2787961052","https://openalex.org/W2788243046","https://openalex.org/W2795262899","https://openalex.org/W2809234534","https://openalex.org/W2888394914","https://openalex.org/W2963627345","https://openalex.org/W3038027522","https://openalex.org/W3125554925","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4230793039","https://openalex.org/W4242700969","https://openalex.org/W4253158273","https://openalex.org/W6779813951"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4303984095","https://openalex.org/W4391375891","https://openalex.org/W3092702943","https://openalex.org/W4297798448","https://openalex.org/W4365797016","https://openalex.org/W4391241361","https://openalex.org/W3215635167","https://openalex.org/W4388187043","https://openalex.org/W4280585582","https://openalex.org/W4285161539"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Initial":[0],"Coin":[1],"Offering":[2],"(ICO)":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5,36,62,88],"process":[6],"similar":[7],"to":[8,57],"crowdfunding,":[9,29],"in":[10,18,40,61],"which":[11,78],"companies":[12],"raise":[13],"funds":[14],"from":[15],"investors,":[16],"who":[17],"return":[19],"receive":[20],"tokens":[21],"or":[22],"digital":[23,47,72],"assets.":[24],"With":[25,42],"conventional":[26],"methods":[27],"of":[28,32,45,70,103,124],"the":[30,43,96,101,120],"level":[31],"transparency":[33],"depends":[34],"on":[35,128],"centralized":[37],"platform":[38],"used":[39],"campaigns.":[41],"emergence":[44],"peer-to-peer":[46],"currency":[48],"systems,":[49],"also":[50],"known":[51,75],"as":[52,76,117,119],"cryptocurrencies,":[53],"it":[54],"became":[55],"possible":[56],"implement":[58],"crowdfunding":[59],"campaigns":[60],"fully":[63],"transparent":[64,114],"way":[65],"for":[66,90,113],"investors.":[67],"Public":[68],"sales":[69],"blockchain":[71,82,98],"assets":[73],"are":[74,79],"crowdsales":[77],"implemented":[80,94],"using":[81,95],"smart":[83],"contracts.":[84],"The":[85],"paper":[86],"presents":[87],"solution":[89],"automating":[91],"ICO":[92,115,127],"processes":[93],"Ethereum":[97],"and":[99,122],"explain":[100],"basics":[102],"crowdsale":[104],"token":[105],"sale":[106],"flow.":[107],"Next,":[108],"we":[109],"analyze":[110],"features":[111],"vital":[112],"execution":[116],"well":[118],"benefits":[121],"costs":[123],"running":[125],"an":[126],"cryptocurrency":[129],"application":[130],"platforms.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}