{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7141086055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2026.3678505","title":"Fluid Antennas: Pioneering a New Era in Next-Generation Wireless Communications","display_name":"Fluid Antennas: Pioneering a New Era in Next-Generation Wireless Communications","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7141086055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2026.3678505"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2026.3678505","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2026.3678505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014844856","display_name":"Dipen Bepari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3249-5891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113821","display_name":"Indian Institute of Information Technology, Pune","ror":"https://ror.org/01f8qyw75","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113821"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dipen Bepari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3249-5891","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113821"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Soumen Mondal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1632-4619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soumen Mondal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1632-4619","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067858581","display_name":"Anirban Bhowal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6722-7467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16292982","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Rourkela","ror":"https://ror.org/011gmn932","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anirban Bhowal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6722-7467","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130730673","display_name":"Keshav Singh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keshav Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9028-4518","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130755589","display_name":"Hyundong Shin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyundong Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3364-8084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130778834","display_name":"Kai-Kit Wong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Kit Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7521-0078","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130726484","display_name":"Derrick Wing Kwan Ng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derrick Wing Kwan Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6400-712X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6153,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94978235,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":null,"first_page":"5596","last_page":"5631"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.10649999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.10649999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.09740000218153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.05950000137090683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4803999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.25209999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-telephony","display_name":"Mobile telephony","score":0.2517000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-broadband","display_name":"Wireless broadband","score":0.23999999463558197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4803999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4487999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.40119999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.25209999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.2517000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85608190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922050","display_name":"Wireless broadband","level":4,"score":0.23999999463558197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.23890000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.22290000319480896}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2026.3678505","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2026.3678505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6104881763458252,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2774300792","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2025-RS-2021-II212046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335778","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Infrastructure Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2842576049","display_name":"Fluid Antenna Systems for 6G Wireless Communications: Implementation, System Optimisation and Theoretical Analysis","funder_award_id":"EP/W026813/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5030436603","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSTC 114-2218-E-110-005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F2461203286","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F2461203286","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335778","display_name":"National Science and Technology Infrastructure Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,171,197],"evolution":[1],"towards":[2],"sixth-generation":[3],"(6G)":[4],"wireless":[5,194,220],"communication":[6,169,195],"demands":[7,21],"antenna":[8,32],"technologies":[9],"that":[10,163],"are":[11],"highly":[12],"flexible,":[13],"energy":[14],"efficient,":[15],"and":[16,27,68,110,128,135,149,189,205],"scalable":[17],"to":[18,57,102,168],"satisfy":[19],"the":[20,74,180,214],"of":[22,47,95,174,182,216],"massive":[23],"connectivity,":[24],"ultra-low":[25],"latency,":[26],"dynamic":[28],"propagation":[29],"environments.":[30],"Fluid":[31],"systems":[33],"(FAS)":[34],"have":[35],"emerged":[36],"as":[37,82],"a":[38,48,92,99,160],"promising":[39],"solution,":[40],"offering":[41],"superior":[42],"spatial":[43],"reconfigurability":[44],"through":[45],"utilization":[46],"single":[49],"radio":[50],"frequency":[51],"(RF)":[52],"chain.":[53],"By":[54],"dynamically":[55],"adapting":[56],"channel":[58],"conditions,":[59],"FAS":[60,175,217],"supports":[61],"simplified":[62],"hardware":[63],"architectures,":[64],"efficient":[65],"interference":[66],"suppression,":[67],"enhanced":[69],"user":[70],"separation,":[71],"thereby":[72],"eliminating":[73],"need":[75],"for":[76,211],"complex":[77],"signal":[78],"processing":[79],"methods":[80],"such":[81],"precoding":[83],"or":[84],"Successive":[85],"Interference":[86],"Cancellation":[87],"(SIC).":[88],"This":[89],"survey":[90],"presents":[91],"comprehensive":[93],"review":[94],"FAS,":[96],"starting":[97],"with":[98,112,191],"tutorial-style":[100],"introduction":[101],"its":[103],"structural":[104],"fundamentals,":[105],"core":[106],"multiple":[107],"access":[108],"mechanisms,":[109],"synergy":[111],"key":[113],"6G":[114],"enablers":[115],"including":[116],"Non-Orthogonal":[117],"Multiple":[118],"Access":[119],"(NOMA),":[120],"Reconfigurable":[121],"Intelligent":[122],"Surfaces":[123],"(RIS),":[124],"Simultaneous":[125],"Wireless":[126],"Information":[127,155],"Power":[129],"Transfer":[130],"(SWIPT),":[131],"Artificial":[132],"Intelligence":[133],"(AI)":[134],"Terahertz":[136],"(THz)":[137],"communication.":[138],"In":[139],"addition,":[140],"it":[141],"explores":[142],"fluid":[143,165],"material":[144,166],"selection,":[145],"port":[146],"selection":[147],"strategies,":[148],"recent":[150],"advances":[151],"in":[152,179,218],"Channel":[153],"State":[154],"(CSI)":[156],"acquisition,":[157],"while":[158],"providing":[159],"cross-layer":[161],"perspective":[162],"links":[164],"properties":[167],"performance.":[170],"transformative":[172],"potential":[173],"is":[176],"further":[177],"explored":[178],"context":[181],"Multiple-Input":[183],"Multiple-Output":[184],"(MIMO)":[185],"integration,":[186],"AI-driven":[187],"enhancements,":[188],"compatibility":[190],"other":[192],"emerging":[193],"paradigms.":[196],"paper":[198],"concludes":[199],"by":[200],"highlighting":[201],"critical":[202],"open":[203],"challenges":[204],"proposing":[206],"future":[207],"research":[208],"directions":[209],"essential":[210],"fully":[212],"realizing":[213],"capabilities":[215],"next-generation":[219],"systems.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2026-03-28T00:00:00"}
