{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405518132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2024.3519788","title":"Principles, Applications, and Challenges of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Enabled Backscatter Communication: A Comprehensive Survey and Outlook","display_name":"Principles, Applications, and Challenges of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Enabled Backscatter Communication: A Comprehensive Survey and Outlook","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405518132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2024.3519788"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2024.3519788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2024.3519788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026973164","display_name":"Shuai Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9606-3476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","Communications Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9606-3476","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100681070","display_name":"Jinming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7628-2022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","Communications Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7628-2022","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100354297","display_name":"Cheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3424-2414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada","School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3424-2414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089270885","display_name":"Ekram Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5932-6887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ekram Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5932-6887","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2719,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79102068,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"5","first_page":"2937","last_page":"2972"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.6976107358932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41722768545150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.4139978587627411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3990585207939148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.37586262822151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.36737489700317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30736392736434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2196883261203766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.06161436438560486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.6976107358932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41722768545150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4139978587627411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3990585207939148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.37586262822151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.36737489700317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30736392736434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2196883261203766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.06161436438560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2024.3519788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2024.3519788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7203450436","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A20444","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7765931635","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371166","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":242,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975147464","https://openalex.org/W1975671167","https://openalex.org/W1987380770","https://openalex.org/W2000192641","https://openalex.org/W2005577817","https://openalex.org/W2015245354","https://openalex.org/W2031392417","https://openalex.org/W2040824660","https://openalex.org/W2058401212","https://openalex.org/W2096356985","https://openalex.org/W2098380621","https://openalex.org/W2099384394","https://openalex.org/W2128639211","https://openalex.org/W2139004583","https://openalex.org/W2153884821","https://openalex.org/W2195693430","https://openalex.org/W2409395425","https://openalex.org/W2512920678","https://openalex.org/W2554327828","https://openalex.org/W2564147886","https://openalex.org/W2590250009","https://openalex.org/W2595612820","https://openalex.org/W2735938380","https://openalex.org/W2740268063","https://openalex.org/W2760335883","https://openalex.org/W2761858755","https://openalex.org/W2762495169","https://openalex.org/W2766046957","https://openalex.org/W2767389515","https://openalex.org/W2775135700","https://openalex.org/W2783647977","https://openalex.org/W2788933092","https://openalex.org/W2791237814","https://openalex.org/W2793625630","https://openalex.org/W2889788216","https://openalex.org/W2891666821","https://openalex.org/W2901348109","https://openalex.org/W2910255178","https://openalex.org/W2913135829","https://openalex.org/W2916238596","https://openalex.org/W2924071423","https://openalex.org/W2950302183","https://openalex.org/W2953984813","https://openalex.org/W2962732150","https://openalex.org/W2962951066","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2969661938","https://openalex.org/W2969774596","https://openalex.org/W2970136636","https://openalex.org/W2971912794","https://openalex.org/W2981308619","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2990865112","https://openalex.org/W2995330189","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W2996137238","https://openalex.org/W2996372260","https://openalex.org/W2996738588","https://openalex.org/W2997665500","https://openalex.org/W3005347223","https://openalex.org/W3008401755","https://openalex.org/W3008705472","https://openalex.org/W3009604459","https://openalex.org/W3010176898","https://openalex.org/W3011747750","https://openalex.org/W3012121718","https://openalex.org/W3012255535","https://openalex.org/W3014409385","https://openalex.org/W3014524449","https://openalex.org/W3017216203","https://openalex.org/W3021335732","https://openalex.org/W3023949112","https://openalex.org/W3027118737","https://openalex.org/W3034281970","https://openalex.org/W3038342299","https://openalex.org/W3039219915","https://openalex.org/W3039988969","https://openalex.org/W3047300490","https://openalex.org/W3049077195","https://openalex.org/W3060359588","https://openalex.org/W3082926577","https://openalex.org/W3086892208","https://openalex.org/W3094428664","https://openalex.org/W3098715527","https://openalex.org/W3100368766","https://openalex.org/W3104071687","https://openalex.org/W3106745355","https://openalex.org/W3112379500","https://openalex.org/W3116119915","https://openalex.org/W3120799912","https://openalex.org/W3123289514","https://openalex.org/W3127177591","https://openalex.org/W3129116239","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3129890626","https://openalex.org/W3133889332","https://openalex.org/W3134402693","https://openalex.org/W3135998278","https://openalex.org/W3139899023","https://openalex.org/W3146291710","https://openalex.org/W3152632745","https://openalex.org/W3153708218","https://openalex.org/W3155699390","https://openalex.org/W3156195074","https://openalex.org/W3159402647","https://openalex.org/W3163853335","https://openalex.org/W3163967602","https://openalex.org/W3164420480","https://openalex.org/W3166102191","https://openalex.org/W3180206688","https://openalex.org/W3184294468","https://openalex.org/W3185482389","https://openalex.org/W3187882620","https://openalex.org/W3192467663","https://openalex.org/W3194017445","https://openalex.org/W3194106282","https://openalex.org/W3196686502","https://openalex.org/W3196690531","https://openalex.org/W3197174588","https://openalex.org/W3198461541","https://openalex.org/W3199075159","https://openalex.org/W3204184545","https://openalex.org/W3205171351","https://openalex.org/W3205217150","https://openalex.org/W3205914885","https://openalex.org/W3206124651","https://openalex.org/W3206634365","https://openalex.org/W3207061624","https://openalex.org/W3208781006","https://openalex.org/W3209406984","https://openalex.org/W3211147732","https://openalex.org/W3211897542","https://openalex.org/W3212850158","https://openalex.org/W3213510032","https://openalex.org/W3214334574","https://openalex.org/W4206078280","https://openalex.org/W4206243574","https://openalex.org/W4206346311","https://openalex.org/W4211053893","https://openalex.org/W4214494401","https://openalex.org/W4220777603","https://openalex.org/W4223477331","https://openalex.org/W4225827091","https://openalex.org/W4226050887","https://openalex.org/W4226093320","https://openalex.org/W4229452920","https://openalex.org/W4242781462","https://openalex.org/W4247702180","https://openalex.org/W4256624651","https://openalex.org/W4280589373","https://openalex.org/W4281942098","https://openalex.org/W4285047786","https://openalex.org/W4285151213","https://openalex.org/W4285172132","https://openalex.org/W4285234632","https://openalex.org/W4285414191","https://openalex.org/W4286233403","https://openalex.org/W4290996606","https://openalex.org/W4290996767","https://openalex.org/W4292387273","https://openalex.org/W4292387509","https://openalex.org/W4292967238","https://openalex.org/W4294068696","https://openalex.org/W4294643363","https://openalex.org/W4295832326","https://openalex.org/W4296425785","https://openalex.org/W4297094903","https://openalex.org/W4297310239","https://openalex.org/W4300780396","https://openalex.org/W4301023547","https://openalex.org/W4301657906","https://openalex.org/W4312233343","https://openalex.org/W4312359827","https://openalex.org/W4312411207","https://openalex.org/W4312542648","https://openalex.org/W4312542978","https://openalex.org/W4312549303","https://openalex.org/W4312690293","https://openalex.org/W4312818501","https://openalex.org/W4313001863","https://openalex.org/W4313022019","https://openalex.org/W4313190010","https://openalex.org/W4316660853","https://openalex.org/W4316661160","https://openalex.org/W4316876942","https://openalex.org/W4318586180","https://openalex.org/W4318821623","https://openalex.org/W4318953584","https://openalex.org/W4319663766","https://openalex.org/W4319988685","https://openalex.org/W4320712848","https://openalex.org/W4321021135","https://openalex.org/W4321484032","https://openalex.org/W4323796410","https://openalex.org/W4324116490","https://openalex.org/W4360584530","https://openalex.org/W4361801433","https://openalex.org/W4362563595","https://openalex.org/W4362690241","https://openalex.org/W4365800547","https://openalex.org/W4365801664","https://openalex.org/W4366149103","https://openalex.org/W4376869865","https://openalex.org/W4379116905","https://openalex.org/W4380520376","https://openalex.org/W4380558330","https://openalex.org/W4383874709","https://openalex.org/W4384080786","https://openalex.org/W4385194743","https://openalex.org/W4385267189","https://openalex.org/W4385801177","https://openalex.org/W4385834578","https://openalex.org/W4385945562","https://openalex.org/W4385975858","https://openalex.org/W4386090498","https://openalex.org/W4386113723","https://openalex.org/W4386177734","https://openalex.org/W4386450060","https://openalex.org/W4386451577","https://openalex.org/W4386495303","https://openalex.org/W4386559324","https://openalex.org/W4386825463","https://openalex.org/W4386918897","https://openalex.org/W4386918951","https://openalex.org/W4387245357","https://openalex.org/W4388109914","https://openalex.org/W4388469842","https://openalex.org/W4388623131","https://openalex.org/W4389104954","https://openalex.org/W4389724971","https://openalex.org/W4391454471","https://openalex.org/W4391582604","https://openalex.org/W4391829912","https://openalex.org/W4391935870","https://openalex.org/W4392158865","https://openalex.org/W4397000087","https://openalex.org/W4399427598","https://openalex.org/W4399908883","https://openalex.org/W4400277838","https://openalex.org/W4400878012","https://openalex.org/W4401749653","https://openalex.org/W4402159616"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984559991","https://openalex.org/W1799242668","https://openalex.org/W2502358642","https://openalex.org/W3165883639","https://openalex.org/W1847813119","https://openalex.org/W2068956457","https://openalex.org/W2105579152","https://openalex.org/W2744709723","https://openalex.org/W2005239049","https://openalex.org/W3082284893"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Backscatter":[0],"communication":[1,16,191],"(BackCom)":[2],"networks":[3,154],"are":[4],"expected":[5],"to":[6,74,86,93,109],"provide":[7,163],"ultra-low-power":[8],"transmission":[9],"and":[10,26,65,123,132,144,185],"massive":[11],"connectivity":[12],"in":[13,58,67,171,188],"future":[14,189],"wireless":[15,43,190],"systems.":[17,34],"Nevertheless,":[18],"the":[19,42,51,55,59,68,76,97,120,129,138,157,172],"double-fading":[20,77],"effect":[21],"significantly":[22],"reduces":[23],"signal":[24],"intensity":[25],"is":[27,72],"a":[28,83,91,101,164],"primary":[29],"problem":[30],"of":[31,53,90,104,125,174],"modern":[32],"BackCom":[33,60,127],"Reconfigurable":[35],"Intelligent":[36],"Surface":[37],"(RIS)":[38],"can":[39,62,81],"artificially":[40],"modify":[41],"environment":[44],"through":[45],"numerous":[46],"controllable":[47],"reflecting":[48],"elements.":[49],"With":[50],"help":[52],"RIS,":[54],"desired":[56],"signals":[57],"procedure":[61],"be":[63,82,110],"captured":[64],"reflected":[66],"specified":[69],"direction,":[70],"which":[71],"able":[73],"alleviate":[75],"problem.":[78],"Specifically,":[79],"RIS":[80,130],"backscatter":[84],"device":[85],"send":[87],"information":[88],"instead":[89],"collaborator":[92],"enhance":[94],"transmission,":[95],"yielding":[96],"RIS-BackCom":[98,133,158,175],"mechanism.":[99],"However,":[100],"comprehensive":[102],"review":[103],"this":[105],"technique":[106],"still":[107],"needs":[108],"made":[111],"available,":[112],"dramatically":[113],"limiting":[114],"its":[115],"development.":[116],"This":[117],"paper":[118],"presents":[119],"fundamental":[121],"principles":[122],"functions":[124],"legacy":[126],"systems,":[128],"technique,":[131],"networks.":[134,176,192],"Then,":[135],"we":[136,149,162,178],"discuss":[137],"system-level":[139],"performance":[140],"with":[141],"different":[142],"modulation":[143],"channel":[145],"estimation":[146],"approaches.":[147],"Further,":[148],"introduce":[150],"symbiotic":[151],"radio":[152],"(SR)":[153],"developed":[155],"from":[156],"technique.":[159],"After":[160],"that,":[161],"survey":[165],"on":[166],"diverse":[167],"optimization":[168],"issues":[169],"existing":[170],"applications":[173],"Finally,":[177],"envision":[179],"emerging":[180],"use":[181],"scenarios,":[182],"potential":[183],"challenges,":[184],"possible":[186],"solutions":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
