{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404132682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2024.3493630","title":"Toward Secured Smart Grid 2.0: Exploring Security Threats, Protection Models, and Challenges","display_name":"Toward Secured Smart Grid 2.0: Exploring Security Threats, Protection Models, and Challenges","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404132682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2024.3493630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2024.3493630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2024.3493630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052254001","display_name":"Lan-Huong Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2364-1295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lan-Huong Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034201659","display_name":"Van-Linh Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3472-0108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099254","display_name":"National Chung Cheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/0028v3876","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Van-Linh Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan","Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3472-0108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035925200","display_name":"Ren\u2010Hung Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-4184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren-Hung Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-4184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047093422","display_name":"Jian-Jhih Kuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1051-5089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099254","display_name":"National Chung Cheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/0028v3876","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian-Jhih Kuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan","Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1051-5089","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100428108","display_name":"Yuwen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6414-9697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143979","display_name":"Systems Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cv8g472","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76513827","display_name":"New York City College of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/021a7pw18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76513827"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Wen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Systems Technology, New York City College of Technology, Brooklyn, NY, USA","New York City College of Technology, New York, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Systems Technology, New York City College of Technology, Brooklyn, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76513827","https://openalex.org/I4210143979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York City College of Technology, New York, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76513827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001969602","display_name":"Chien\u2010Chung Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3482-2646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chien-Chung Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085276176","display_name":"Ping-I Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping-I Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.8951,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98992727,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"4","first_page":"2581","last_page":"2620"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9749000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9429000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6863521933555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.5348225235939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4628556966781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4379054307937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42823970317840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.41784971952438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20976293087005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1916118860244751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.06457379460334778}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6863521933555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.5348225235939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4628556966781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4379054307937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42823970317840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.41784971952438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20976293087005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1916118860244751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.06457379460334778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2024.3493630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2024.3493630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8329483278","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSTC 112-2811-E-A49-506","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2751256511","https://openalex.org/W1597785538","https://openalex.org/W2382521298","https://openalex.org/W2491804929","https://openalex.org/W2365075862","https://openalex.org/W2317225295","https://openalex.org/W2484643928","https://openalex.org/W2005920118","https://openalex.org/W4280617453"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"nations":[1],"are":[2,45,113,210],"promoting":[3],"the":[4,8,34,58,82,106],"green":[5],"transition":[6],"in":[7,53,68,136,171,177,185,208],"energy":[9,41,134,138,172,175,187],"sector":[10],"to":[11,24,32,64,78,81,116],"attain":[12],"neutral":[13],"carbon":[14],"emissions":[15],"by":[16],"2050.":[17],"Smart":[18],"Grid":[19],"2.0":[20],"(SG2)":[21],"is":[22],"expected":[23],"explore":[25],"data-driven":[26],"analytics":[27],"and":[28,36,49,91,103,123,148,155,166,181,199],"enhance":[29],"communication":[30,62,100],"technologies":[31],"improve":[33],"efficiency":[35],"sustainability":[37],"of":[38,73,140],"distributed":[39,66,137,206],"renewable":[40],"systems.":[42,85],"These":[43],"features":[44],"beyond":[46],"smart":[47,55],"metering":[48],"electric":[50,178],"surplus":[51],"distribution":[52],"conventional":[54],"grids.":[56],"Given":[57],"high":[59],"dependence":[60],"on":[61,152],"networks":[63],"connect":[65],"microgrids":[67,207],"SG2,":[69],"potential":[70],"cascading":[71],"failures":[72],"connectivity":[74],"can":[75,161],"cause":[76,167],"disruption":[77],"data":[79,150],"synchronization":[80],"remote":[83],"control":[84,164],"This":[86],"paper":[87],"reviews":[88],"security":[89,197],"threats":[90],"defense":[92],"tactics":[93],"for":[94,204,215],"three":[95],"stakeholders:":[96],"power":[97,159],"grid":[98],"operators,":[99],"network":[101],"providers,":[102],"consumers.":[104],"Through":[105],"survey,":[107],"we":[108],"found":[109],"that":[110],"SG2\u2018s":[111],"stakeholders":[112],"particularly":[114],"vulnerable":[115],"substation":[117],"attacks/vandalism,":[118],"malware/ransomware":[119],"threats,":[120],"blockchain":[121],"vulnerabilities":[122],"supply":[124],"chain":[125],"breakdowns.":[126],"Furthermore,":[127],"incorporating":[128],"artificial":[129],"intelligence":[130],"(AI)":[131],"into":[132],"autonomous":[133],"management":[135],"resources":[139],"SG2":[141,209],"creates":[142],"new":[143],"challenges.":[144],"Accordingly,":[145],"adversarial":[146],"samples":[147],"false":[149],"injection":[151],"electricity":[153],"reading":[154],"measurement":[156],"sensors":[157],"at":[158],"plants":[160],"fool":[162],"AI-powered":[163],"functions":[165],"messy":[168],"error-checking":[169],"operations":[170],"storage,":[173],"wrong":[174],"estimation":[176],"vehicle":[179],"charging,":[180],"even":[182],"fraudulent":[183],"transactions":[184],"peer-to-peer":[186],"trading":[188],"models.":[189],"Scalable":[190],"blockchain-based":[191],"models,":[192],"physical":[193],"unclonable":[194],"function,":[195],"interoperable":[196],"protocols,":[198],"trustworthy":[200],"AI":[201],"models":[202,214],"designed":[203],"managing":[205],"typical":[211],"promising":[212],"protection":[213],"future":[216],"research.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2024-11-08T00:00:00"}