{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394595049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2024.3385347","title":"A Survey on Random Access Protocols in Direct-Access LEO Satellite-Based IoT Communication","display_name":"A Survey on Random Access Protocols in Direct-Access LEO Satellite-Based IoT Communication","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394595049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2024.3385347"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2024.3385347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2024.3385347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018308708","display_name":"Thien T. T. Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0876-9036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thien Thi Thanh Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Rd, Singapore","Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Rd, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016027069","display_name":"Naveed Ul Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5477-6195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207789805","display_name":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5x4a35","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naveed Ul Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5477-6195","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420351","display_name":"Xiaoming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-2135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-2135","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063667378","display_name":"Zhu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060020877","display_name":"Chau Yuen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-2120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chau Yuen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-2120","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.6925,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98694094,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":"426","last_page":"462"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9559000134468079,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access","display_name":"Random access","score":0.7480058670043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5804516673088074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5724942684173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.5153617262840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.5115728974342346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4784024655818939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.4475800693035126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-access-method","display_name":"Channel access method","score":0.43170326948165894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2733788788318634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.13959187269210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1215142011642456}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101722063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218825","display_name":"Random access","level":2,"score":0.7480058670043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5804516673088074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5724942684173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.5153617262840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.5115728974342346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4784024655818939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4475800693035126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193430537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665191","display_name":"Channel access method","level":3,"score":0.43170326948165894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2733788788318634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.13959187269210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1215142011642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2024.3385347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2024.3385347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/217153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/217153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G31471538","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2128368","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G400433832","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2107216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4144023154","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS-2302469","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5415390970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CMMI-2222810","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6419705188","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A20443","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306108","display_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfw2e90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322622","display_name":"Toyota Motor Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/02zqm6r10"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":174,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1556192255","https://openalex.org/W1663102326","https://openalex.org/W1699531664","https://openalex.org/W1964418162","https://openalex.org/W1972485395","https://openalex.org/W1992390275","https://openalex.org/W2039688938","https://openalex.org/W2077717186","https://openalex.org/W2080806668","https://openalex.org/W2114284823","https://openalex.org/W2120706128","https://openalex.org/W2123503096","https://openalex.org/W2126026248","https://openalex.org/W2127820195","https://openalex.org/W2134295053","https://openalex.org/W2149200615","https://openalex.org/W2164902512","https://openalex.org/W2248880694","https://openalex.org/W2501768244","https://openalex.org/W2566023797","https://openalex.org/W2584926398","https://openalex.org/W2609542722","https://openalex.org/W2612254130","https://openalex.org/W2618301832","https://openalex.org/W2734990044","https://openalex.org/W2741562331","https://openalex.org/W2742359230","https://openalex.org/W2743363440","https://openalex.org/W2766345455","https://openalex.org/W2770606349","https://openalex.org/W2781583119","https://openalex.org/W2790737008","https://openalex.org/W2802495557","https://openalex.org/W2802800431","https://openalex.org/W2807554399","https://openalex.org/W2890736047","https://openalex.org/W2894016320","https://openalex.org/W2898945729","https://openalex.org/W2898947361","https://openalex.org/W2901608252","https://openalex.org/W2913565212","https://openalex.org/W2916530694","https://openalex.org/W2941764721","https://openalex.org/W2946392595","https://openalex.org/W2950013137","https://openalex.org/W2962706684","https://openalex.org/W2962959174","https://openalex.org/W2962983921","https://openalex.org/W2963749376","https://openalex.org/W2976479969","https://openalex.org/W2991034863","https://openalex.org/W2999561085","https://openalex.org/W2999798127","https://openalex.org/W3004502600","https://openalex.org/W3004912016","https://openalex.org/W3007804894","https://openalex.org/W3009767224","https://openalex.org/W3011700249","https://openalex.org/W3016229109","https://openalex.org/W3016251777","https://openalex.org/W3023458242","https://openalex.org/W3023854532","https://openalex.org/W3027993135","https://openalex.org/W3030720754","https://openalex.org/W3032755566","https://openalex.org/W3045703613","https://openalex.org/W3048494275","https://openalex.org/W3080516458","https://openalex.org/W3086266285","https://openalex.org/W3089248281","https://openalex.org/W3089706104","https://openalex.org/W3091203760","https://openalex.org/W3091852275","https://openalex.org/W3103408716","https://openalex.org/W3106287211","https://openalex.org/W3106806868","https://openalex.org/W3111019974","https://openalex.org/W3119275207","https://openalex.org/W3119315704","https://openalex.org/W3124458808","https://openalex.org/W3128254715","https://openalex.org/W3130740887","https://openalex.org/W3131663650","https://openalex.org/W3134151912","https://openalex.org/W3134916744","https://openalex.org/W3135109547","https://openalex.org/W3149326290","https://openalex.org/W3152301406","https://openalex.org/W3157000490","https://openalex.org/W3157372124","https://openalex.org/W3158906227","https://openalex.org/W3160733561","https://openalex.org/W3161012333","https://openalex.org/W3167603521","https://openalex.org/W3169385106","https://openalex.org/W3170518756","https://openalex.org/W3178592094","https://openalex.org/W3178611087","https://openalex.org/W3179283102","https://openalex.org/W3180641418","https://openalex.org/W3184502212","https://openalex.org/W3188465966","https://openalex.org/W3188554269","https://openalex.org/W3189778133","https://openalex.org/W3190168286","https://openalex.org/W3192456604","https://openalex.org/W3192785358","https://openalex.org/W3195584986","https://openalex.org/W3195911184","https://openalex.org/W3196231075","https://openalex.org/W3196656437","https://openalex.org/W3197245154","https://openalex.org/W3197493021","https://openalex.org/W3198966439","https://openalex.org/W3199881787","https://openalex.org/W3200312993","https://openalex.org/W3200448595","https://openalex.org/W3202233125","https://openalex.org/W3206701721","https://openalex.org/W3207377112","https://openalex.org/W3207720268","https://openalex.org/W3210050257","https://openalex.org/W3211619005","https://openalex.org/W3213070675","https://openalex.org/W3214727290","https://openalex.org/W3215230729","https://openalex.org/W4200067065","https://openalex.org/W4206195299","https://openalex.org/W4210692106","https://openalex.org/W4212797575","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4214943862","https://openalex.org/W4221152030","https://openalex.org/W4223568641","https://openalex.org/W4225593849","https://openalex.org/W4225631585","https://openalex.org/W4225959144","https://openalex.org/W4226015315","https://openalex.org/W4226242403","https://openalex.org/W4246520098","https://openalex.org/W4285033803","https://openalex.org/W4285151097","https://openalex.org/W4285181159","https://openalex.org/W4285199939","https://openalex.org/W4285222027","https://openalex.org/W4285274232","https://openalex.org/W4285304281","https://openalex.org/W4285410860","https://openalex.org/W4294068696","https://openalex.org/W4312248252","https://openalex.org/W4312259710","https://openalex.org/W4312312028","https://openalex.org/W4312685994","https://openalex.org/W4312695887","https://openalex.org/W4312899363","https://openalex.org/W4312971400","https://openalex.org/W4313006194","https://openalex.org/W4313055131","https://openalex.org/W4313306425","https://openalex.org/W4317135523","https://openalex.org/W4319068628","https://openalex.org/W4319232688","https://openalex.org/W4319341323","https://openalex.org/W4321490517","https://openalex.org/W4321636737","https://openalex.org/W4323519588","https://openalex.org/W4327928501","https://openalex.org/W4364302736","https://openalex.org/W4367281519","https://openalex.org/W4375928939","https://openalex.org/W4375929104","https://openalex.org/W4376455422","https://openalex.org/W4380876954","https://openalex.org/W4384080812"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028190576","https://openalex.org/W4206958678","https://openalex.org/W2508832654","https://openalex.org/W2373343648","https://openalex.org/W4206155839","https://openalex.org/W2104745997","https://openalex.org/W2044128053","https://openalex.org/W2151959184","https://openalex.org/W236916372","https://openalex.org/W2585539596"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low-Earth":[0],"orbit":[1],"(LEO)":[2],"satellites":[3],"can":[4,26],"play":[5],"an":[6],"important":[7],"role":[8,57],"in":[9,66,100,114],"providing":[10],"seamless":[11],"coverage":[12],"for":[13,160],"the":[14,46,56,68,72,102,110],"Internet":[15],"of":[16,48,58,74,85,105,126,137],"Things":[17],"(IoT).":[18],"In":[19,77],"satellite-based":[20],"IoT":[21,24,49,131,138],"(SIoT)":[22],"networks,":[23,132,164],"devices":[25,50],"communicate":[27],"directly":[28],"with":[29],"a":[30,34,82],"satellite":[31,52,163],"or":[32],"through":[33],"gateway,":[35],"which":[36,96],"is":[37,54],"called":[38],"direct-access":[39],"SIoT":[40,106],"and":[41,70,121,133,152,165],"indirect-access":[42],"SIoT,":[43],"respectively.":[44],"As":[45],"number":[47],"requiring":[51],"access":[53,60,87],"increasing,":[55],"medium":[59],"control":[61],"(MAC)":[62],"protocols":[63,117],"becomes":[64],"critical":[65],"reducing":[67],"latency":[69],"improving":[71],"quality":[73],"service":[75],"(QoS).":[76],"this":[78],"tutorial,":[79],"we":[80],"provide":[81],"comprehensive":[83],"review":[84],"random":[86],"(RA)":[88],"protocols,":[89,95],"more":[90,98],"specifically,":[91],"grant-free":[92],"RA":[93,116],"(GFRA)":[94],"are":[97],"efficient":[99],"handling":[101],"communication":[103],"requirements":[104,136],"networks.":[107],"We":[108,140],"discuss":[109],"challenges":[111],"that":[112],"arise":[113],"designing":[115],"under":[118],"time-frequency":[119],"resource":[120],"preamble":[122],"limitations,":[123],"high":[124],"mobility":[125],"satellites,":[127],"sporadic":[128],"traffic":[129],"from":[130],"diverse":[134],"QoS":[135],"applications.":[139],"also":[141],"highlight":[142],"future":[143],"research":[144],"directions,":[145],"including":[146],"cross-layer":[147],"optimization,":[148],"joint":[149],"activity":[150],"detection":[151],"channel":[153],"estimation":[154],"(JAD-CE),":[155],"reinforcement-learning-based":[156],"solution,":[157],"protocol":[158],"design":[159],"dense":[161],"LEO":[162],"reconfigurable":[166],"intelligent":[167],"surface":[168],"(RIS)":[169],"aided":[170],"SIoT.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}