{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393305249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2024.3383093","title":"Beam Alignment in mmWave V2X Communications: A Survey","display_name":"Beam Alignment in mmWave V2X Communications: A Survey","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393305249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2024.3383093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2024.3383093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2024.3383093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097341792","display_name":"Jingru Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingru Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6703-8109","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040978564","display_name":"Tom H. Luan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5215-7443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom H. Luan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5215-7443","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084608952","display_name":"Wenbo Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2220-9847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbo Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100605907","display_name":"Yuntao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3810-7076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuntao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102864216","display_name":"Haixia Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7206-4706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haixia Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7206-4706","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100446961","display_name":"Yao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1276-5399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1276-5399","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081114487","display_name":"Dongmei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7949-2989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongmei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7949-2989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100432389","display_name":"Ning Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2141-0653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2141-0653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5097341792"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.6109,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97884329,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"1676","last_page":"1709"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9718000292778015,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7557904720306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.44336646795272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.39947667717933655}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7557904720306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.44336646795272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.39947667717933655}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2024.3383093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2024.3383093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1256235580","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62302387","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2113035471","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023M732820","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2305141385","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171352","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G262863636","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301411","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2799670434","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GYKP044","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G337008365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023BSHTBZZ07","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326174","funder_display_name":"Shaanxi Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6429156318","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YJSJ24010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326174","display_name":"Shaanxi Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":253,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W131639980","https://openalex.org/W594034742","https://openalex.org/W624827785","https://openalex.org/W948366128","https://openalex.org/W1483249443","https://openalex.org/W1536358772","https://openalex.org/W1546267812","https://openalex.org/W1578598172","https://openalex.org/W1604314845","https://openalex.org/W1885185971","https://openalex.org/W1925759446","https://openalex.org/W1938636034","https://openalex.org/W1956027752","https://openalex.org/W1971443733","https://openalex.org/W1981661761","https://openalex.org/W1991056455","https://openalex.org/W1991990798","https://openalex.org/W1993988307","https://openalex.org/W1998267929","https://openalex.org/W2004294022","https://openalex.org/W2009447832","https://openalex.org/W2025827658","https://openalex.org/W2031575274","https://openalex.org/W2034651337","https://openalex.org/W2045230329","https://openalex.org/W2052190282","https://openalex.org/W2053896644","https://openalex.org/W2056798980","https://openalex.org/W2059335839","https://openalex.org/W2067040941","https://openalex.org/W2068349748","https://openalex.org/W2071346788","https://openalex.org/W2080748164","https://openalex.org/W2089910489","https://openalex.org/W2094353518","https://openalex.org/W2095843437","https://openalex.org/W2098126478","https://openalex.org/W2110903786","https://openalex.org/W2111113050","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2112300062","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2129839323","https://openalex.org/W2134245553","https://openalex.org/W2135081410","https://openalex.org/W2135890169","https://openalex.org/W2136591193","https://openalex.org/W2137111046","https://openalex.org/W2137628444","https://openalex.org/W2138020668","https://openalex.org/W2138170080","https://openalex.org/W2139137304","https://openalex.org/W2139961842","https://openalex.org/W2143388966","https://openalex.org/W2143471631","https://openalex.org/W2145013959","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2156077514","https://openalex.org/W2166486216","https://openalex.org/W2167956149","https://openalex.org/W2186264490","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2278599113","https://openalex.org/W2283315805","https://openalex.org/W2290377878","https://openalex.org/W2293295048","https://openalex.org/W2294344867","https://openalex.org/W2316530133","https://openalex.org/W2336403911","https://openalex.org/W2339667469","https://openalex.org/W2406391039","https://openalex.org/W2460379932","https://openalex.org/W2492906440","https://openalex.org/W2501970484","https://openalex.org/W2512886199","https://openalex.org/W2517304379","https://openalex.org/W2517686986","https://openalex.org/W2522153945","https://openalex.org/W2522693205","https://openalex.org/W2532835612","https://openalex.org/W2535468383","https://openalex.org/W2546700599","https://openalex.org/W2547350840","https://openalex.org/W2548648743","https://openalex.org/W2582968570","https://openalex.org/W2593104718","https://openalex.org/W2598127149","https://openalex.org/W2603407422","https://openalex.org/W2604992528","https://openalex.org/W2614851539","https://openalex.org/W2614889182","https://openalex.org/W2615358882","https://openalex.org/W2620793833","https://openalex.org/W2739778833","https://openalex.org/W2741931273","https://openalex.org/W2756254235","https://openalex.org/W2759529277","https://openalex.org/W2764164848","https://openalex.org/W2769544239","https://openalex.org/W2771579582","https://openalex.org/W2776801943","https://openalex.org/W2781054684","https://openalex.org/W2785517842","https://openalex.org/W2790254411","https://openalex.org/W2794124131","https://openalex.org/W2796047239","https://openalex.org/W2807133510","https://openalex.org/W2807790287","https://openalex.org/W2841880623","https://openalex.org/W2876820033","https://openalex.org/W2887024570","https://openalex.org/W2887119789","https://openalex.org/W2891787690","https://openalex.org/W2892291473","https://openalex.org/W2895586691","https://openalex.org/W2896890603","https://openalex.org/W2898434483","https://openalex.org/W2898791317","https://openalex.org/W2899023765","https://openalex.org/W2900177082","https://openalex.org/W2905763506","https://openalex.org/W2913144844","https://openalex.org/W2913861122","https://openalex.org/W2914111477","https://openalex.org/W2918557159","https://openalex.org/W2922016916","https://openalex.org/W2925136587","https://openalex.org/W2946789853","https://openalex.org/W2951145066","https://openalex.org/W2953940909","https://openalex.org/W2956797962","https://openalex.org/W2957798391","https://openalex.org/W2962310916","https://openalex.org/W2962813271","https://openalex.org/W2962838172","https://openalex.org/W2962944637","https://openalex.org/W2962952148","https://openalex.org/W2963248036","https://openalex.org/W2963652863","https://openalex.org/W2963836977","https://openalex.org/W2963897303","https://openalex.org/W2967528569","https://openalex.org/W2970203070","https://openalex.org/W2972072389","https://openalex.org/W2972554461","https://openalex.org/W2974178109","https://openalex.org/W2976103643","https://openalex.org/W2980490975","https://openalex.org/W2985676016","https://openalex.org/W2986470677","https://openalex.org/W2991267565","https://openalex.org/W2992481232","https://openalex.org/W2996674481","https://openalex.org/W3008052774","https://openalex.org/W3009071884","https://openalex.org/W3013082452","https://openalex.org/W3014787243","https://openalex.org/W3023867911","https://openalex.org/W3031911987","https://openalex.org/W3034379581","https://openalex.org/W3038818354","https://openalex.org/W3039059058","https://openalex.org/W3039683021","https://openalex.org/W3043284621","https://openalex.org/W3045837696","https://openalex.org/W3072033075","https://openalex.org/W3081258430","https://openalex.org/W3081455451","https://openalex.org/W3082845184","https://openalex.org/W3088516248","https://openalex.org/W3097164986","https://openalex.org/W3098774053","https://openalex.org/W3098782124","https://openalex.org/W3099908750","https://openalex.org/W3103701952","https://openalex.org/W3105281589","https://openalex.org/W3105629297","https://openalex.org/W3105748121","https://openalex.org/W3106948566","https://openalex.org/W3112379500","https://openalex.org/W3112898901","https://openalex.org/W3114835543","https://openalex.org/W3117646619","https://openalex.org/W3119781686","https://openalex.org/W3121065036","https://openalex.org/W3126365018","https://openalex.org/W3130202693","https://openalex.org/W3132465590","https://openalex.org/W3135089279","https://openalex.org/W3135316840","https://openalex.org/W3143477889","https://openalex.org/W3148915686","https://openalex.org/W3167214600","https://openalex.org/W3168041106","https://openalex.org/W3174510089","https://openalex.org/W3179878079","https://openalex.org/W3186952469","https://openalex.org/W3193816080","https://openalex.org/W3194668692","https://openalex.org/W3198140530","https://openalex.org/W3201135302","https://openalex.org/W3205950171","https://openalex.org/W3211189031","https://openalex.org/W3212289002","https://openalex.org/W3212590122","https://openalex.org/W3213045530","https://openalex.org/W3213965409","https://openalex.org/W3214001602","https://openalex.org/W3215656406","https://openalex.org/W3216603398","https://openalex.org/W3216767138","https://openalex.org/W4200073047","https://openalex.org/W4200222791","https://openalex.org/W4213067812","https://openalex.org/W4214660297","https://openalex.org/W4220794656","https://openalex.org/W4221159054","https://openalex.org/W4226088696","https://openalex.org/W4226249143","https://openalex.org/W4235042061","https://openalex.org/W4236700498","https://openalex.org/W4237714606","https://openalex.org/W4237837794","https://openalex.org/W4247114955","https://openalex.org/W4281262252","https://openalex.org/W4283219733","https://openalex.org/W4285047770","https://openalex.org/W4285106331","https://openalex.org/W4285189370","https://openalex.org/W4286373328","https://openalex.org/W4289656229","https://openalex.org/W4293732061","https://openalex.org/W4298127563","https://openalex.org/W4304142376","https://openalex.org/W4312253493","https://openalex.org/W4312273947","https://openalex.org/W4312971122","https://openalex.org/W4313000817","https://openalex.org/W4313197776","https://openalex.org/W4313444682","https://openalex.org/W4313644379","https://openalex.org/W4313887484","https://openalex.org/W4317437797","https://openalex.org/W4317794990","https://openalex.org/W4319068858","https://openalex.org/W4319990090","https://openalex.org/W4319990610","https://openalex.org/W4366504184","https://openalex.org/W4381199094","https://openalex.org/W4387609107","https://openalex.org/W6703353453","https://openalex.org/W6790478079","https://openalex.org/W7029233953"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"digital":[1],"transformation":[2],"within":[3],"the":[4,33,59,64,90,102,166,179],"automotive":[5],"industry":[6],"is":[7,112],"accelerating":[8],"towards":[9],"an":[10],"era":[11],"dominated":[12],"by":[13,186],"autonomous":[14,37],"vehicles,":[15],"with":[16,79],"vehicle-to-everything":[17],"(V2X)":[18],"communications":[19],"being":[20],"a":[21,55,86,123],"fundamental":[22],"enabler":[23],"for":[24,63,114,159,197],"this":[25,119,200],"advancement.":[26],"As":[27],"vehicular":[28,74,98],"networks":[29],"evolve":[30],"to":[31],"meet":[32],"complex":[34],"demands":[35],"of":[36,104,126,142,145,168],"driving,":[38],"traditional":[39],"communication":[40,52,99],"systems":[41],"encounter":[42],"limitations":[43],"in":[44,72,82,130,190,199],"bandwidth":[45,61],"and":[46,68,89,96,107,151,164,183],"data":[47,66],"transfer":[48],"rates.":[49],"Millimeter-wave":[50],"(mmWave)":[51],"emerges":[53],"as":[54],"pivotal":[56],"solution,":[57],"offering":[58,194],"extensive":[60],"required":[62],"high":[65],"throughput":[67],"low":[69],"latency":[70],"essential":[71],"modern":[73],"communications.":[75],"However,":[76],"challenges":[77,184],"loom,":[78],"beam":[80,109,127,139,161,170,187],"alignment":[81,110,128,162,171,188],"mmWave":[83,115,131,191],"V2X":[84,116,132,192],"becoming":[85],"time-consuming":[87],"process":[88],"mmWave\u2019s":[91],"blockage":[92],"effect":[93],"impeding":[94],"consistent":[95],"reliable":[97],"links.":[100],"Therefore,":[101],"development":[103],"efficient,":[105],"real-time,":[106],"robust":[108],"technology":[111],"crucial":[113],"communication.":[117,133],"In":[118],"paper,":[120],"we":[121,155,177],"present":[122],"comprehensive":[124],"survey":[125],"techniques":[129,189],"We":[134],"explore":[135],"various":[136],"approaches":[137],"including":[138],"sweeping,":[140],"angle":[141],"arrival":[143],"(AoA)/angle":[144],"direction":[146],"(AoD)":[147],"estimation,":[148],"black-box":[149],"optimization,":[150],"side":[152],"information.":[153],"Subsequently,":[154],"introduce":[156],"performance":[157,163,167],"metrics":[158],"assessing":[160],"compare":[165],"four":[169],"methods":[172],"under":[173],"different":[174],"metrics.":[175],"Finally,":[176],"summarize":[178],"future":[180],"research":[181],"directions":[182],"faced":[185],"communication,":[193],"valuable":[195],"insights":[196],"researchers":[198],"field.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}