{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312658206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2022.3224644","title":"A Survey on Blockchain for Healthcare: Challenges, Benefits, and Future Directions","display_name":"A Survey on Blockchain for Healthcare: Challenges, Benefits, and Future Directions","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312658206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2022.3224644"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2022.3224644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2022.3224644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repository.tudelft.nl/file/File_eb47a27a-40eb-4b41-bbdd-36717b88a240","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020930502","display_name":"Mohammad Salar Arbabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5168-878X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Salar Arbabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5168-878X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036392899","display_name":"Chhagan Lal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0051-1551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chhagan Lal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Systems, Cybersecurity Group, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0051-1551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Systems, Cybersecurity Group, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026270760","display_name":"Narasimha Raghavan Veeraragavan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4875-9708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Narasimha Raghavan Veeraragavan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4875-9708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056500610","display_name":"Dusica Marijan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9345-5431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799829267","display_name":"Simula Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/00vn06n10","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dusica Marijan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Validation Intelligence for Autonomous Software Systems, Simula Research Laboratory, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9345-5431","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Validation Intelligence for Autonomous Software Systems, Simula Research Laboratory, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017631834","display_name":"Jan F. Nyg\u00e5rd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9655-7003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129856","display_name":"Cancer Registry of Norway","ror":"https://ror.org/03sm1ej59","country_code":"NO","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333353642","https://openalex.org/I4210129856","https://openalex.org/I4210149801","https://openalex.org/I4210163359"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan F. Nyg\u00e5rd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Registry Informatics, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9655-7003","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Registry Informatics, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009887569","display_name":"Roman Vitenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1793-0373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roman Vitenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1793-0373","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.6357,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":105,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99715041,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"386","last_page":"424"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9686999917030334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9059000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6947704553604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.6685229539871216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.6646519303321838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6083579659461975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.492062509059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.48814091086387634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4579528570175171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.4397210478782654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-sharing","display_name":"Data sharing","score":0.43094608187675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immutability","display_name":"Immutability","score":0.42344731092453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.38735127449035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.16768217086791992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1024152934551239}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6947704553604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.6685229539871216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.6646519303321838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6083579659461975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.492062509059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.48814091086387634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4579528570175171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4397210478782654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227350","display_name":"Data sharing","level":3,"score":0.43094608187675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776126399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3942906","display_name":"Immutability","level":3,"score":0.42344731092453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.38735127449035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.16768217086791992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1024152934551239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2022.3224644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2022.3224644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:07f58c61-4271-4faf-a83d-93f63cafc213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:07f58c61-4271-4faf-a83d-93f63cafc213","pdf_url":"https://repository.tudelft.nl/file/File_eb47a27a-40eb-4b41-bbdd-36717b88a240","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:07f58c61-4271-4faf-a83d-93f63cafc213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:07f58c61-4271-4faf-a83d-93f63cafc213","pdf_url":"https://repository.tudelft.nl/file/File_eb47a27a-40eb-4b41-bbdd-36717b88a240","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4043598587","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"288106","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312658206.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312658206.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":185,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W93686847","https://openalex.org/W1971242374","https://openalex.org/W1976986662","https://openalex.org/W1983062003","https://openalex.org/W1987521562","https://openalex.org/W2005260246","https://openalex.org/W2005358011","https://openalex.org/W2018992824","https://openalex.org/W2027336139","https://openalex.org/W2034161254","https://openalex.org/W2074666758","https://openalex.org/W2078416735","https://openalex.org/W2115255130","https://openalex.org/W2118786793","https://openalex.org/W2118875948","https://openalex.org/W2133268605","https://openalex.org/W2139254295","https://openalex.org/W2161257538","https://openalex.org/W2161778350","https://openalex.org/W2216811320","https://openalex.org/W2280084045","https://openalex.org/W2329804396","https://openalex.org/W2335755599","https://openalex.org/W2337129382","https://openalex.org/W2343448572","https://openalex.org/W2345651684","https://openalex.org/W2400968868","https://openalex.org/W2412879399","https://openalex.org/W2486460265","https://openalex.org/W2487203936","https://openalex.org/W2510946528","https://openalex.org/W2514994441","https://openalex.org/W2522448907","https://openalex.org/W2549994809","https://openalex.org/W2555782333","https://openalex.org/W2564914932","https://openalex.org/W2620904645","https://openalex.org/W2624307925","https://openalex.org/W2624744148","https://openalex.org/W2741706115","https://openalex.org/W2744999500","https://openalex.org/W2761124846","https://openalex.org/W2765860591","https://openalex.org/W2772905584","https://openalex.org/W2774342688","https://openalex.org/W2786151040","https://openalex.org/W2791094780","https://openalex.org/W2791124241","https://openalex.org/W2794142670","https://openalex.org/W2803913445","https://openalex.org/W2805383889","https://openalex.org/W2809143401","https://openalex.org/W2809627415","https://openalex.org/W2810476200","https://openalex.org/W2811112224","https://openalex.org/W2884623132","https://openalex.org/W2886180210","https://openalex.org/W2886562467","https://openalex.org/W2890192855","https://openalex.org/W2895983177","https://openalex.org/W2896195996","https://openalex.org/W2897675500","https://openalex.org/W2900401876","https://openalex.org/W2900580116","https://openalex.org/W2900659066","https://openalex.org/W2903971515","https://openalex.org/W2904351506","https://openalex.org/W2904645365","https://openalex.org/W2907521963","https://openalex.org/W2908026007","https://openalex.org/W2910021443","https://openalex.org/W2910369831","https://openalex.org/W2914374206","https://openalex.org/W2914797198","https://openalex.org/W2915539402","https://openalex.org/W2915640022","https://openalex.org/W2917382407","https://openalex.org/W2918925950","https://openalex.org/W2919755127","https://openalex.org/W2920536455","https://openalex.org/W2920733725","https://openalex.org/W2921980263","https://openalex.org/W2926987861","https://openalex.org/W2937156094","https://openalex.org/W2939406041","https://openalex.org/W2939748048","https://openalex.org/W2945262612","https://openalex.org/W2946102439","https://openalex.org/W2949652322","https://openalex.org/W2949726555","https://openalex.org/W2952260178","https://openalex.org/W2955576211","https://openalex.org/W2960611148","https://openalex.org/W2961248373","https://openalex.org/W2963176735","https://openalex.org/W2963507231","https://openalex.org/W2963594166","https://openalex.org/W2963703945","https://openalex.org/W2963993810","https://openalex.org/W2964062734","https://openalex.org/W2964331637","https://openalex.org/W2966622305","https://openalex.org/W2967423408","https://openalex.org/W2969489936","https://openalex.org/W2969602038","https://openalex.org/W2971569867","https://openalex.org/W2972056595","https://openalex.org/W2972487148","https://openalex.org/W2980024610","https://openalex.org/W2980390182","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W2982300697","https://openalex.org/W2982464411","https://openalex.org/W2982630848","https://openalex.org/W2990515622","https://openalex.org/W2990724439","https://openalex.org/W2995778095","https://openalex.org/W2996452324","https://openalex.org/W2997401701","https://openalex.org/W2998035592","https://openalex.org/W2998128868","https://openalex.org/W2998340595","https://openalex.org/W2998782523","https://openalex.org/W3000385461","https://openalex.org/W3001818559","https://openalex.org/W3002581186","https://openalex.org/W3003714166","https://openalex.org/W3005719348","https://openalex.org/W3005929894","https://openalex.org/W3006137455","https://openalex.org/W3009153228","https://openalex.org/W3012283269","https://openalex.org/W3012403137","https://openalex.org/W3014399982","https://openalex.org/W3019511034","https://openalex.org/W3020589125","https://openalex.org/W3021023921","https://openalex.org/W3023901165","https://openalex.org/W3024437525","https://openalex.org/W3024823144","https://openalex.org/W3030149940","https://openalex.org/W3030296786","https://openalex.org/W3032831454","https://openalex.org/W3035900025","https://openalex.org/W3036172617","https://openalex.org/W3041484644","https://openalex.org/W3045680659","https://openalex.org/W3048013644","https://openalex.org/W3054106630","https://openalex.org/W3082337586","https://openalex.org/W3094597529","https://openalex.org/W3094617817","https://openalex.org/W3098532907","https://openalex.org/W3100806050","https://openalex.org/W3102975965","https://openalex.org/W3113054816","https://openalex.org/W3114547349","https://openalex.org/W3115563437","https://openalex.org/W3121747242","https://openalex.org/W3126478117","https://openalex.org/W3129674742","https://openalex.org/W3132832413","https://openalex.org/W3142599952","https://openalex.org/W3152175069","https://openalex.org/W3157813756","https://openalex.org/W3158232481","https://openalex.org/W3186626619","https://openalex.org/W3186704557","https://openalex.org/W4231698305","https://openalex.org/W4233558374","https://openalex.org/W4238224777","https://openalex.org/W4243350436","https://openalex.org/W4250397413","https://openalex.org/W4287674351","https://openalex.org/W4299606092","https://openalex.org/W4385886710","https://openalex.org/W6605045592","https://openalex.org/W6680874884","https://openalex.org/W6717698380","https://openalex.org/W6760577705","https://openalex.org/W6763622271","https://openalex.org/W6770750057","https://openalex.org/W6777142319","https://openalex.org/W6781403382","https://openalex.org/W6782649806"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517747134","https://openalex.org/W2802479602","https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W2954977039","https://openalex.org/W4386576376","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3023855976","https://openalex.org/W3130746757","https://openalex.org/W3216065934","https://openalex.org/W3022984010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Continuously":[0],"generated":[1],"volumes":[2],"of":[3,74,80,132,140,164,175,204,228,238,251,256,275,283],"health":[4,106],"data":[5,12,40,55,107],"make":[6],"healthcare":[7,22,35,47,85,145,171,176,182,196],"a":[8,99,129,152,281],"data-intensive":[9],"domain.":[10,86,146],"This":[11,109],"needs":[13],"to":[14,70,77,112,234,291],"be":[15,186,292],"collected,":[16],"stored,":[17],"and":[18,33,42,59,64,104,122,157,193,212,231,243,264,268,287],"shared":[19],"among":[20],"different":[21],"actors":[23],"for":[24,102,155,195],"various":[25],"purposes,":[26],"such":[27,116,159],"as":[28,117],"reporting,":[29],"analysis,":[30,277],"collaborative":[31],"research,":[32],"personalized":[34],"services.":[36],"However,":[37],"the":[38,46,62,71,84,92,133,138,144,181,190,201,205,216,225,235,273,276],"existing":[39],"storage":[41,177,197],"exchange":[43],"solutions":[44,142,213],"in":[45,83,143,166,180,215,262],"domain":[48,183],"exhibit":[49],"several":[50,167],"challenges":[51,82,179],"related":[52],"to,":[53],"e.g.,":[54],"security,":[56],"patient":[57],"privacy,":[58],"interoperability.":[60],"Recently,":[61],"industry":[63],"research":[65,285],"community":[66],"turned":[67],"its":[68,113],"focus":[69],"possible":[72],"use":[73,139],"blockchain":[75,88,191],"technology":[76,89],"solve":[78],"some":[79],"these":[81],"The":[87,161],"along":[90],"with":[91,253],"support":[93],"from":[94,200],"smart":[95],"contracts":[96],"is":[97,110],"considered":[98],"salient":[100],"facilitator":[101],"secure":[103],"efficient":[105],"sharing.":[108],"due":[111],"unique":[114],"features,":[115],"decentralization,":[118],"trustlessness,":[119],"immutability,":[120],"traceability,":[121],"transparency.":[123],"In":[124],"this":[125,148],"paper,":[126],"we":[127,150,218,278],"provide":[128,247],"comprehensive":[130],"survey":[131],"state-of-the-art":[134],"efforts":[135],"that":[136,184],"envision":[137],"blockchain-based":[141],"To":[147],"end,":[149],"introduce":[151],"systematic":[153],"framework":[154,162],"classifying":[156],"analyzing":[158,208],"systems.":[160],"consists":[163],"classification":[165],"dimensions:":[168],"interactions":[169],"between":[170],"entities,":[172],"functional":[173,240],"components":[174],"systems,":[178],"can":[185],"overcome":[187],"by":[188,223],"using":[189],"technology,":[192],"benefits":[194],"systems":[198,211],"derived":[199],"fundamental":[202],"features":[203],"technology.":[206],"When":[207],"over":[209],"40":[210],"proposed":[214],"state-of-the-art,":[217],"perform":[219],"their":[220],"rigorous":[221],"placement":[222],"identifying":[224],"exact":[226],"scope":[227],"each":[229],"solution":[230],"mapping":[232],"it":[233],"above":[236],"taxonomies":[237],"interactions,":[239],"components,":[241],"challenges,":[242],"benefits.":[244],"We":[245],"additionally":[246],"an":[248],"extensive":[249],"discussion":[250],"compliance":[252],"privacy-related":[254],"regulations":[255],"General":[257],"Data":[258],"Protection":[259],"Regulation":[260],"(GDPR)":[261],"EU,":[263],"Health":[265],"Insurance":[266],"Portability":[267],"Accountability":[269],"Act":[270],"(HIPAA).":[271],"Following":[272],"results":[274],"have":[279],"outlined":[280],"number":[282],"important":[284],"gaps":[286],"future":[288],"directions":[289],"yet":[290],"addressed.":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
