{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296913260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2022.3208773","title":"Digital Twins: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Challenges, Trends and Future Prospects","display_name":"Digital Twins: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Challenges, Trends and Future Prospects","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296913260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2022.3208773"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2022.3208773","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2022.3208773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067858472","display_name":"Stefan Mihai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9269-2109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60488453","display_name":"Middlesex University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rv4p989","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Mihai","raw_affiliation_strings":["London Digital Twin Research Centre, Middlesex University, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London Digital Twin Research Centre, Middlesex University, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010642299","display_name":"Mahnoor Yaqoob","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-6936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60488453","display_name":"Middlesex University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rv4p989","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahnoor Yaqoob","raw_affiliation_strings":["London Digital Twin Research Centre, Middlesex University, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-6936","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London Digital Twin Research Centre, Middlesex University, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110739655","display_name":"\u0110\u1eb7ng Vi\u1ec7t H\u01b0ng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I257903683","display_name":"Hanoi University of Civil Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/01351mb48","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I257903683"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dang V. Hung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, National University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2779-5822","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, National University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I257903683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021393460","display_name":"William Davis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7834-8758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60488453","display_name":"Middlesex University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rv4p989","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["London Digital Twin Research Centre, Middlesex University, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7834-8758","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London Digital Twin Research Centre, Middlesex University, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085196896","display_name":"Praveer Towakel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9409-8912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60488453","display_name":"Middlesex University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rv4p989","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Praveer Towakel","raw_affiliation_strings":["London Digital Twin Research Centre, Middlesex University, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London Digital Twin Research Centre, Middlesex University, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038684692","display_name":"Mohsin Raza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7351-9749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165525304","display_name":"Edge Hill University","ror":"https://ror.org/028ndzd53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165525304"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsin Raza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165525304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083933813","display_name":"Mehmet Karamanoglu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5049-2993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60488453","display_name":"Middlesex University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rv4p989","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehmet Karamanoglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["London Digital Twin Research Centre, Middlesex University, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5049-2993","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London Digital Twin Research Centre, Middlesex University, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087802698","display_name":"Balbir Barn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7251-5033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60488453","display_name":"Middlesex University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rv4p989","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Balbir Barn","raw_affiliation_strings":["London Digital Twin Research Centre, Middlesex University, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London Digital Twin Research Centre, Middlesex University, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009372465","display_name":"Dattaprasad Shetve","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155292","display_name":"Indian Institute of Information Technology Sri City","ror":"https://ror.org/026873d40","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dattaprasad Shetve","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Information Technology, Sri City, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Information Technology, Sri City, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110936605","display_name":"Raja V. Prasad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155292","display_name":"Indian Institute of Information Technology Sri City","ror":"https://ror.org/026873d40","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raja V. Prasad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Information Technology, Sri City, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5349-664X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Information Technology, Sri City, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039283122","display_name":"Hrishikesh Venkataraman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9635-9872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155292","display_name":"Indian Institute of Information Technology Sri City","ror":"https://ror.org/026873d40","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hrishikesh Venkataraman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Information Technology, Sri City, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Information Technology, Sri City, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028937831","display_name":"Ramona Trestian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3315-3081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60488453","display_name":"Middlesex University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rv4p989","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramona Trestian","raw_affiliation_strings":["London Digital Twin Research Centre, Middlesex University, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3315-3081","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London Digital Twin Research Centre, Middlesex University, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061828397","display_name":"Huan X. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4105-2558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60488453","display_name":"Middlesex University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rv4p989","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huan X. Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["London Digital Twin Research Centre, Middlesex University, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4105-2558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London Digital Twin Research Centre, Middlesex University, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":107.0508,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":918,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99993027,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"2255","last_page":"2291"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9168999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6602585911750793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.623679518699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4722190201282501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-sharing","display_name":"Data sharing","score":0.468374103307724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4634513556957245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firmware","display_name":"Firmware","score":0.422391802072525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.42071953415870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3260765075683594}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6602585911750793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.623679518699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4722190201282501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227350","display_name":"Data sharing","level":3,"score":0.468374103307724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4634513556957245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67212190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851","display_name":"Firmware","level":2,"score":0.422391802072525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.42071953415870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3260765075683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2022.3208773","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2022.3208773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/2616c0e4-5e66-4770-9ac7-23700af4c647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.edgehill.ac.uk/en/publications/2616c0e4-5e66-4770-9ac7-23700af4c647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402462","display_name":"Edge Hill University Research Information Repository (Edge Hill University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165525304","host_organization_name":"Edge Hill University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165525304"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mihai, S, Yaqoob, M, Dang, H V, Davis, W, Towakel, P, RAZA, MOHSIN, Karamanoglu, M, Barn, B, Shetve, D, Prasad, R, Venkataraman, H, Trestian, R & Nguyen, H 2022, 'Digital Twins: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Challenges, Trends and Future Prospects', IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 2255-2291. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2022.3208773","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.mdx.ac.uk:36014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400025","display_name":"Middlesex University Research Repository (Middlesex University Of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60488453","host_organization_name":"Middlesex University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:99626","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/99626/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3803787407","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"429715093","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320025","funder_display_name":"British Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6512224027","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"VINIF.2021.DA00192","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334111","funder_display_name":"Innovation Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8804037991","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DST UKIERI-2018-19-011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320270","funder_display_name":"UK-India Education and Research Initiative"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312933","display_name":"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, UK Government","ror":"https://ror.org/019ya6433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320025","display_name":"British Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00t3pr326"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320270","display_name":"UK-India Education and Research Initiative","ror":"https://ror.org/037dz3r63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334111","display_name":"Innovation Fund","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":189,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2128110905","https://openalex.org/W2133536970","https://openalex.org/W2150704630","https://openalex.org/W2157564217","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2296197810","https://openalex.org/W2518003110","https://openalex.org/W2557671501","https://openalex.org/W2565281388","https://openalex.org/W2572361735","https://openalex.org/W2599796687","https://openalex.org/W2735575534","https://openalex.org/W2735797103","https://openalex.org/W2763846589","https://openalex.org/W2780162989","https://openalex.org/W2796127131","https://openalex.org/W2800625747","https://openalex.org/W2803385387","https://openalex.org/W2806878106","https://openalex.org/W2886143408","https://openalex.org/W2888630976","https://openalex.org/W2889291793","https://openalex.org/W2891039375","https://openalex.org/W2892987124","https://openalex.org/W2895023296","https://openalex.org/W2896339617","https://openalex.org/W2897877131","https://openalex.org/W2898813990","https://openalex.org/W2900640916","https://openalex.org/W2901708346","https://openalex.org/W2902055595","https://openalex.org/W2904728440","https://openalex.org/W2907864265","https://openalex.org/W2910597635","https://openalex.org/W2911296969","https://openalex.org/W2914193262","https://openalex.org/W2914446816","https://openalex.org/W2915582690","https://openalex.org/W2922263402","https://openalex.org/W2932448337","https://openalex.org/W2941876953","https://openalex.org/W2942642196","https://openalex.org/W2943464177","https://openalex.org/W2944378519","https://openalex.org/W2944665834","https://openalex.org/W2945002553","https://openalex.org/W2945357379","https://openalex.org/W2947324800","https://openalex.org/W2947753446","https://openalex.org/W2951749937","https://openalex.org/W2952585762","https://openalex.org/W2953595181","https://openalex.org/W2954041221","https://openalex.org/W2954057334","https://openalex.org/W2954076984","https://openalex.org/W2954792909","https://openalex.org/W2955495366","https://openalex.org/W2955938791","https://openalex.org/W2962737505","https://openalex.org/W2964005248","https://openalex.org/W2964577239","https://openalex.org/W2965824823","https://openalex.org/W2966036751","https://openalex.org/W2972160586","https://openalex.org/W2972199797","https://openalex.org/W2972862270","https://openalex.org/W2973496471","https://openalex.org/W2973873632","https://openalex.org/W2974598035","https://openalex.org/W2975876537","https://openalex.org/W2978205461","https://openalex.org/W2982185510","https://openalex.org/W2982689699","https://openalex.org/W2982936646","https://openalex.org/W2983029853","https://openalex.org/W2987129950","https://openalex.org/W2988359971","https://openalex.org/W2990541573","https://openalex.org/W2991562055","https://openalex.org/W2994200381","https://openalex.org/W2995167826","https://openalex.org/W2995366341","https://openalex.org/W2995759464","https://openalex.org/W2996168619","https://openalex.org/W2998028977","https://openalex.org/W2998374582","https://openalex.org/W2998798568","https://openalex.org/W3003667836","https://openalex.org/W3003709482","https://openalex.org/W3004089638","https://openalex.org/W3004998292","https://openalex.org/W3005063234","https://openalex.org/W3005323329","https://openalex.org/W3005564017","https://openalex.org/W3005832844","https://openalex.org/W3006323410","https://openalex.org/W3006501489","https://openalex.org/W3006815142","https://openalex.org/W3007058815","https://openalex.org/W3007107541","https://openalex.org/W3007414912","https://openalex.org/W3007757714","https://openalex.org/W3008876591","https://openalex.org/W3010975660","https://openalex.org/W3011067038","https://openalex.org/W3012160793","https://openalex.org/W3013354539","https://openalex.org/W3015487859","https://openalex.org/W3015760179","https://openalex.org/W3016258185","https://openalex.org/W3020545693","https://openalex.org/W3021361523","https://openalex.org/W3023486376","https://openalex.org/W3023812992","https://openalex.org/W3028455531","https://openalex.org/W3028926798","https://openalex.org/W3029080454","https://openalex.org/W3031421697","https://openalex.org/W3031513235","https://openalex.org/W3032039544","https://openalex.org/W3036038868","https://openalex.org/W3036600965","https://openalex.org/W3038546731","https://openalex.org/W3041382148","https://openalex.org/W3042834393","https://openalex.org/W3044355621","https://openalex.org/W3044626808","https://openalex.org/W3047607466","https://openalex.org/W3048296440","https://openalex.org/W3048347447","https://openalex.org/W3048448986","https://openalex.org/W3082435965","https://openalex.org/W3083664991","https://openalex.org/W3088400155","https://openalex.org/W3090222779","https://openalex.org/W3090930540","https://openalex.org/W3092425344","https://openalex.org/W3093535446","https://openalex.org/W3094607639","https://openalex.org/W3096494765","https://openalex.org/W3097525958","https://openalex.org/W3100090196","https://openalex.org/W3104279142","https://openalex.org/W3105673631","https://openalex.org/W3110547404","https://openalex.org/W3110859166","https://openalex.org/W3110867873","https://openalex.org/W3111668058","https://openalex.org/W3112130234","https://openalex.org/W3112702808","https://openalex.org/W3115864400","https://openalex.org/W3120064844","https://openalex.org/W3120463484","https://openalex.org/W3124069985","https://openalex.org/W3126853285","https://openalex.org/W3127332340","https://openalex.org/W3127614346","https://openalex.org/W3127880571","https://openalex.org/W3128467383","https://openalex.org/W3135399583","https://openalex.org/W3136739333","https://openalex.org/W3150901952","https://openalex.org/W3153676721","https://openalex.org/W3167071303","https://openalex.org/W3167870516","https://openalex.org/W3170007016","https://openalex.org/W3171287683","https://openalex.org/W3174126466","https://openalex.org/W3184578020","https://openalex.org/W3199754434","https://openalex.org/W3217374479","https://openalex.org/W4200176668","https://openalex.org/W4229683798","https://openalex.org/W4240033148","https://openalex.org/W4240839386","https://openalex.org/W4240996198","https://openalex.org/W4285079922","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4300747261","https://openalex.org/W4390517570","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6741094427","https://openalex.org/W6743981104","https://openalex.org/W6747376533","https://openalex.org/W6755252347","https://openalex.org/W6767869177","https://openalex.org/W6789086193","https://openalex.org/W6791359362","https://openalex.org/W6822282891"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2582981600","https://openalex.org/W4389238932","https://openalex.org/W4387467152","https://openalex.org/W4212885212","https://openalex.org/W4379115910","https://openalex.org/W3010413952","https://openalex.org/W4253989935","https://openalex.org/W2810560948","https://openalex.org/W2070793896","https://openalex.org/W1990434954"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"Twin":[1],"(DT)":[2],"is":[3,24,38,119],"an":[4],"emerging":[5],"technology":[6,157],"surrounded":[7],"by":[8,65],"many":[9,159],"promises,":[10],"and":[11,19,35,47,61,71,77,109,127,137,149,167,193,200,236,254,259,265,271,280,286,288],"potentials":[12],"to":[13,121,172,182,221,291],"reshape":[14],"the":[15,31,43,69,81,112,116,135,153,162,187,194,205,223,229,249],"future":[16,300],"of":[17,41,49,83,85,115,139,155,179,196,208,228,238],"industries":[18],"society":[20],"overall.":[21],"A":[22],"DT":[23,130],"a":[25,39,50,54,132,245],"system-of-systems":[26],"which":[27,142],"goes":[28],"far":[29],"beyond":[30],"traditional":[32,147],"computer-based":[33],"simulations":[34,148],"analysis.":[36],"It":[37],"replication":[40],"all":[42,68],"elements,":[44],"processes,":[45],"dynamics,":[46],"firmware":[48],"physical":[51],"system":[52,118],"into":[53,248],"digital":[55],"counterpart.":[56],"The":[57,129,231,242],"two":[58],"systems":[59],"(physical":[60],"digital)":[62],"exist":[63],"side":[64],"side,":[66],"sharing":[67],"inputs":[70],"operations":[72],"using":[73],"real-time":[74],"data":[75,168,170],"communications":[76,96],"information":[78],"transfer.":[79],"With":[80],"incorporation":[82],"Internet":[84],"Things":[86],"(IoT),":[87],"Artificial":[88],"Intelligence":[89],"(AI),":[90],"3D":[91],"models,":[92,177],"next":[93],"generation":[94],"mobile":[95],"(5G/6G),":[97],"Augmented":[98],"Reality":[99,102],"(AR),":[100],"Virtual":[101],"(VR),":[103],"distributed":[104],"computing,":[105],"Transfer":[106],"Learning":[107,175],"(TL),":[108],"electronic":[110],"sensors,":[111],"digital/virtual":[113],"counterpart":[114],"real-world":[117],"able":[120],"provide":[122],"seamless":[123],"monitoring,":[124],"analysis,":[125],"evaluation":[126],"predictions.":[128],"offers":[131,274],"platform":[133],"for":[134,190,299],"testing":[136],"analysing":[138],"complex":[140],"systems,":[141],"would":[143],"be":[144],"impossible":[145],"in":[146,164,204,226,277,302],"modular":[150],"evaluations.":[151],"However,":[152],"development":[154,198],"this":[156,215,217],"faces":[158],"challenges":[160,235,258],"including":[161],"complexities":[163],"effective":[165],"communication":[166],"accumulation,":[169],"unavailability":[171],"train":[173],"Machine":[174],"(ML)":[176],"lack":[178,211],"processing":[180],"power":[181],"support":[183],"high":[184,188],"fidelity":[185],"twins,":[186],"need":[189],"interdisciplinary":[191],"collaboration,":[192],"absence":[195],"standardized":[197],"methodologies":[199],"validation":[201],"measures.":[202],"Being":[203],"early":[206],"stages":[207],"development,":[209],"DTs":[210,239],"sufficient":[212],"documentation.":[213],"In":[214],"context,":[216],"survey":[218],"paper":[219,243],"aims":[220],"cover":[222],"important":[224],"aspects":[225],"realization":[227],"technology.":[230],"key":[232],"enabling":[233],"technologies,":[234],"prospects":[237],"are":[240],"highlighted.":[241],"provides":[244,268],"deep":[246],"insight":[247],"technology,":[250],"lists":[251,282],"design":[252,257],"goals":[253],"objectives,":[255],"highlights":[256],"limitations":[260],"across":[261],"industries,":[262],"discusses":[263],"research":[264,297],"commercial":[266],"developments,":[267],"its":[269],"applications":[270],"use":[272],"cases,":[273],"case":[275],"studies":[276],"industry,":[278],"infrastructure":[279],"healthcare,":[281],"main":[283],"service":[284],"providers":[285],"stakeholders,":[287],"covers":[289],"developments":[290,301],"date,":[292],"as":[293,295],"well":[294],"viable":[296],"dimensions":[298],"DTs.":[303]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":128},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":374},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":254},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":158},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T09:24:06.705377","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
