{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3179283102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2022.3199901","title":"Evolution of Non-Terrestrial Networks From 5G to 6G: A Survey","display_name":"Evolution of Non-Terrestrial Networks From 5G to 6G: A Survey","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3179283102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2022.3199901","mag":"3179283102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2022.3199901","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2022.3199901","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9739/9956928/09861699.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9739/9956928/09861699.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006289048","display_name":"Mohammad Mahdi Azari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7691-3787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Mahdi Azari","raw_affiliation_strings":["SnT, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SnT, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045885076","display_name":"Sourabh Solanki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7968-7655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sourabh Solanki","raw_affiliation_strings":["SnT, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SnT, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016154330","display_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-0001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","raw_affiliation_strings":["SnT, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SnT, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034364460","display_name":"Oltjon Kodheli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3343-5890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I909555","display_name":"SES (Luxembourg)","ror":"https://ror.org/00526y629","country_code":"LU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I909555"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oltjon Kodheli","raw_affiliation_strings":["SES Satellite, Betzdorf, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SES Satellite, Betzdorf, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059375633","display_name":"Hazem Sallouha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1288-1023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hazem Sallouha","raw_affiliation_strings":["KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071443242","display_name":"Achiel Colpaert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1238-2002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Achiel Colpaert","raw_affiliation_strings":["KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103928951","display_name":"Jes\u00fas Fabi\u00e1n Mendoza Montoya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jesus Fabian Mendoza Montoya","raw_affiliation_strings":["SnT, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SnT, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028689021","display_name":"Sofie Pollin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1470-2076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sofie Pollin","raw_affiliation_strings":["KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058769063","display_name":"Alireza Haqiqatnejad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0881-2543"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Haqiqatnejad","raw_affiliation_strings":["OQ Technology, Leudelange, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OQ Technology, Leudelange, Luxembourg","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025845516","display_name":"Arsham Mostaani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9183-4411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arsham Mostaani","raw_affiliation_strings":["SnT, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SnT, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026746581","display_name":"Eva Lagunas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-7245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eva Lagunas","raw_affiliation_strings":["SnT, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SnT, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080037825","display_name":"Bj\u00f6rn Ottersten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2298-6774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bjorn Ottersten","raw_affiliation_strings":["SnT, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SnT, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006289048"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":333.977,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":547,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99997453,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"2633","last_page":"2672"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.5744315981864929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5074488520622253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48490267992019653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4115399122238159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.34155696630477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20986539125442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.07826113700866699}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.5744315981864929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5074488520622253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48490267992019653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4115399122238159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.34155696630477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20986539125442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.07826113700866699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2022.3199901","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2022.3199901","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9739/9956928/09861699.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/701433","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/20.500.12942/701433/3/Evolution_of_Non-Terrestrial_Networks_From_5G_to_6G_A_Survey-1.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ieee Communications Surveys And Tutorials, vol. 24 (4)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/53034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/53034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 24 (4), 2633 - 2672 (2022-08-22)","raw_type":"peer reviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2022.3199901","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2022.3199901","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9739/9956928/09861699.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4216414844","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"C19/IS/13713801/5G-Sky","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","funder_display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7214541741","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FNR/C19/IS/13713801/5G-Sky","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","funder_display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7797902843","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"C19/IS/13713801","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","funder_display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051015205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Projects","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/039z13y21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3179283102.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3179283102.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":436,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W192920577","https://openalex.org/W331141525","https://openalex.org/W836451273","https://openalex.org/W1526169870","https://openalex.org/W1540482719","https://openalex.org/W1560611265","https://openalex.org/W1561867011","https://openalex.org/W1589772082","https://openalex.org/W1763580265","https://openalex.org/W1812927916","https://openalex.org/W1823805418","https://openalex.org/W1845972764","https://openalex.org/W1970710298","https://openalex.org/W1976195538","https://openalex.org/W2007028812","https://openalex.org/W2010975608","https://openalex.org/W2020199432","https://openalex.org/W2038166203","https://openalex.org/W2045230329","https://openalex.org/W2065435137","https://openalex.org/W2070449754","https://openalex.org/W2074242822","https://openalex.org/W2104155443","https://openalex.org/W2118164341","https://openalex.org/W2121495423","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2132639726","https://openalex.org/W2136687807","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2150176775","https://openalex.org/W2156777569","https://openalex.org/W2161336914","https://openalex.org/W2173248099","https://openalex.org/W2182745453","https://openalex.org/W2248880694","https://openalex.org/W2255974528","https://openalex.org/W2258127536","https://openalex.org/W2268751503","https://openalex.org/W2276581826","https://openalex.org/W2282024096","https://openalex.org/W2285553406","https://openalex.org/W2291068538","https://openalex.org/W2327622231","https://openalex.org/W2342784364","https://openalex.org/W2369715846","https://openalex.org/W2411690432","https://openalex.org/W2505105853","https://openalex.org/W2511038469","https://openalex.org/W2522123397","https://openalex.org/W2522615148","https://openalex.org/W2525431032","https://openalex.org/W2545990795","https://openalex.org/W2558483943","https://openalex.org/W2562947506","https://openalex.org/W2581380513","https://openalex.org/W2583177301","https://openalex.org/W2584943905","https://openalex.org/W2586992378","https://openalex.org/W2592593797","https://openalex.org/W2597003067","https://openalex.org/W2604086375","https://openalex.org/W2604436698","https://openalex.org/W2611745251","https://openalex.org/W2612291478","https://openalex.org/W2613326267","https://openalex.org/W2615358882","https://openalex.org/W2615459164","https://openalex.org/W2624989916","https://openalex.org/W2736002158","https://openalex.org/W2739778833","https://openalex.org/W2741793684","https://openalex.org/W2745034467","https://openalex.org/W2747537200","https://openalex.org/W2755419447","https://openalex.org/W2763830955","https://openalex.org/W2767144201","https://openalex.org/W2767151733","https://openalex.org/W2767721438","https://openalex.org/W2768437671","https://openalex.org/W2772265751","https://openalex.org/W2776055286","https://openalex.org/W2782363571","https://openalex.org/W2782799834","https://openalex.org/W2783406823","https://openalex.org/W2784291237","https://openalex.org/W2786130936","https://openalex.org/W2790933363","https://openalex.org/W2796965548","https://openalex.org/W2797086109","https://openalex.org/W2798444003","https://openalex.org/W2799134332","https://openalex.org/W2799292918","https://openalex.org/W2799547155","https://openalex.org/W2800252416","https://openalex.org/W2801724871","https://openalex.org/W2802984054","https://openalex.org/W2805161269","https://openalex.org/W2807927039","https://openalex.org/W2807954440","https://openalex.org/W2811787450","https://openalex.org/W2865103122","https://openalex.org/W2883106403","https://openalex.org/W2883342142","https://openalex.org/W2884951121","https://openalex.org/W2885033069","https://openalex.org/W2885378192","https://openalex.org/W2886485362","https://openalex.org/W2888612457","https://openalex.org/W2892154397","https://openalex.org/W2893666888","https://openalex.org/W2894179717","https://openalex.org/W2894210182","https://openalex.org/W2894366476","https://openalex.org/W2895065489","https://openalex.org/W2895865304","https://openalex.org/W2897372741","https://openalex.org/W2900427548","https://openalex.org/W2901608252","https://openalex.org/W2901756368","https://openalex.org/W2902160827","https://openalex.org/W2903146257","https://openalex.org/W2903528516","https://openalex.org/W2903826257","https://openalex.org/W2904453761","https://openalex.org/W2904615053","https://openalex.org/W2906746203","https://openalex.org/W2906979799","https://openalex.org/W2907086092","https://openalex.org/W2908267812","https://openalex.org/W2909847702","https://openalex.org/W2911235714","https://openalex.org/W2912159494","https://openalex.org/W2912502408","https://openalex.org/W2912862234","https://openalex.org/W2914757358","https://openalex.org/W2917485473","https://openalex.org/W2918311828","https://openalex.org/W2918636900","https://openalex.org/W2919079671","https://openalex.org/W2924155641","https://openalex.org/W2924688027","https://openalex.org/W2924948991","https://openalex.org/W2925554975","https://openalex.org/W2926974107","https://openalex.org/W2930672455","https://openalex.org/W2935268363","https://openalex.org/W2938933782","https://openalex.org/W2939416052","https://openalex.org/W2940988757","https://openalex.org/W2945628562","https://openalex.org/W2945875572","https://openalex.org/W2946067278","https://openalex.org/W2946392595","https://openalex.org/W2949978583","https://openalex.org/W2952039542","https://openalex.org/W2952736579","https://openalex.org/W2953615013","https://openalex.org/W2957320950","https://openalex.org/W2959943703","https://openalex.org/W2960943470","https://openalex.org/W2962680212","https://openalex.org/W2962691117","https://openalex.org/W2962734844","https://openalex.org/W2962844010","https://openalex.org/W2963009535","https://openalex.org/W2963055735","https://openalex.org/W2963133483","https://openalex.org/W2963183067","https://openalex.org/W2963287938","https://openalex.org/W2963327793","https://openalex.org/W2963398524","https://openalex.org/W2963569053","https://openalex.org/W2963674921","https://openalex.org/W2963704132","https://openalex.org/W2963777077","https://openalex.org/W2963820229","https://openalex.org/W2963857659","https://openalex.org/W2963864421","https://openalex.org/W2963889719","https://openalex.org/W2964052915","https://openalex.org/W2964198392","https://openalex.org/W2964316728","https://openalex.org/W2965367971","https://openalex.org/W2965824823","https://openalex.org/W2967033808","https://openalex.org/W2968218462","https://openalex.org/W2969347287","https://openalex.org/W2969823908","https://openalex.org/W2970498792","https://openalex.org/W2970982053","https://openalex.org/W2971124593","https://openalex.org/W2972520995","https://openalex.org/W2974599699","https://openalex.org/W2977248885","https://openalex.org/W2977442808","https://openalex.org/W2977749899","https://openalex.org/W2977919786","https://openalex.org/W2979205635","https://openalex.org/W2981262799","https://openalex.org/W2988592481","https://openalex.org/W2989517622","https://openalex.org/W2989530100","https://openalex.org/W2989743749","https://openalex.org/W2989938724","https://openalex.org/W2990204812","https://openalex.org/W2990270976","https://openalex.org/W2990330051","https://openalex.org/W2990747576","https://openalex.org/W2990748536","https://openalex.org/W2990993261","https://openalex.org/W2993446934","https://openalex.org/W2994008524","https://openalex.org/W2995171625","https://openalex.org/W2995551693","https://openalex.org/W2996053900","https://openalex.org/W2996238281","https://openalex.org/W2996555882","https://openalex.org/W2996574422","https://openalex.org/W2997274539","https://openalex.org/W2998510428","https://openalex.org/W2998868602","https://openalex.org/W2999032021","https://openalex.org/W2999798127","https://openalex.org/W2999948772","https://openalex.org/W3000408141","https://openalex.org/W3000537180","https://openalex.org/W3002033136","https://openalex.org/W3003394437","https://openalex.org/W3003494777","https://openalex.org/W3003979462","https://openalex.org/W3004236608","https://openalex.org/W3004566174","https://openalex.org/W3004946548","https://openalex.org/W3005478472","https://openalex.org/W3007193003","https://openalex.org/W3008608467","https://openalex.org/W3009823869","https://openalex.org/W3009835640","https://openalex.org/W3009836639","https://openalex.org/W3009869133","https://openalex.org/W3010191728","https://openalex.org/W3010400998","https://openalex.org/W3010561455","https://openalex.org/W3011182939","https://openalex.org/W3011262701","https://openalex.org/W3011830499","https://openalex.org/W3011943115","https://openalex.org/W3012106073","https://openalex.org/W3012390411","https://openalex.org/W3013523550","https://openalex.org/W3013626674","https://openalex.org/W3013644245","https://openalex.org/W3013647277","https://openalex.org/W3013960924","https://openalex.org/W3014097207","https://openalex.org/W3014399716","https://openalex.org/W3015351299","https://openalex.org/W3015391234","https://openalex.org/W3015635818","https://openalex.org/W3016150959","https://openalex.org/W3016282456","https://openalex.org/W3017448888","https://openalex.org/W3018871043","https://openalex.org/W3019717150","https://openalex.org/W3020160405","https://openalex.org/W3021971398","https://openalex.org/W3022291517","https://openalex.org/W3022441677","https://openalex.org/W3022898652","https://openalex.org/W3023401501","https://openalex.org/W3024364604","https://openalex.org/W3028953582","https://openalex.org/W3031882363","https://openalex.org/W3033084931","https://openalex.org/W3033237219","https://openalex.org/W3033636971","https://openalex.org/W3034653302","https://openalex.org/W3034696662","https://openalex.org/W3035481639","https://openalex.org/W3037170119","https://openalex.org/W3038097199","https://openalex.org/W3040137968","https://openalex.org/W3040199322","https://openalex.org/W3040741665","https://openalex.org/W3040983344","https://openalex.org/W3042876727","https://openalex.org/W3043932162","https://openalex.org/W3044817033","https://openalex.org/W3045072023","https://openalex.org/W3045086480","https://openalex.org/W3045164304","https://openalex.org/W3045628664","https://openalex.org/W3045703613","https://openalex.org/W3045811008","https://openalex.org/W3046559098","https://openalex.org/W3046988891","https://openalex.org/W3047778227","https://openalex.org/W3048386157","https://openalex.org/W3048584142","https://openalex.org/W3048678434","https://openalex.org/W3069042888","https://openalex.org/W3080106712","https://openalex.org/W3080740732","https://openalex.org/W3081880039","https://openalex.org/W3084030710","https://openalex.org/W3086751733","https://openalex.org/W3086879480","https://openalex.org/W3087852296","https://openalex.org/W3088720391","https://openalex.org/W3089190064","https://openalex.org/W3089706104","https://openalex.org/W3090963371","https://openalex.org/W3091989295","https://openalex.org/W3092016029","https://openalex.org/W3092022783","https://openalex.org/W3092306722","https://openalex.org/W3092381439","https://openalex.org/W3092982261","https://openalex.org/W3094072991","https://openalex.org/W3095949524","https://openalex.org/W3097308740","https://openalex.org/W3098060190","https://openalex.org/W3102696584","https://openalex.org/W3102863195","https://openalex.org/W3103057226","https://openalex.org/W3103250346","https://openalex.org/W3103926693","https://openalex.org/W3105169977","https://openalex.org/W3105426942","https://openalex.org/W3105786246","https://openalex.org/W3106530718","https://openalex.org/W3106994250","https://openalex.org/W3108096115","https://openalex.org/W3109039904","https://openalex.org/W3109910047","https://openalex.org/W3110705241","https://openalex.org/W3111234342","https://openalex.org/W3111740206","https://openalex.org/W3112014495","https://openalex.org/W3112401550","https://openalex.org/W3112680714","https://openalex.org/W3112953214","https://openalex.org/W3113033057","https://openalex.org/W3113298077","https://openalex.org/W3116677227","https://openalex.org/W3116788287","https://openalex.org/W3116877868","https://openalex.org/W3117743162","https://openalex.org/W3118428022","https://openalex.org/W3119585777","https://openalex.org/W3120105741","https://openalex.org/W3120314863","https://openalex.org/W3120923500","https://openalex.org/W3121523871","https://openalex.org/W3122208696","https://openalex.org/W3123062888","https://openalex.org/W3124207544","https://openalex.org/W3124801690","https://openalex.org/W3125664696","https://openalex.org/W3126187582","https://openalex.org/W3127205829","https://openalex.org/W3127940641","https://openalex.org/W3128807435","https://openalex.org/W3129723556","https://openalex.org/W3129773144","https://openalex.org/W3130951747","https://openalex.org/W3131061885","https://openalex.org/W3131123664","https://openalex.org/W3131309288","https://openalex.org/W3131628908","https://openalex.org/W3133340445","https://openalex.org/W3133735442","https://openalex.org/W3134716359","https://openalex.org/W3135046321","https://openalex.org/W3135328206","https://openalex.org/W3138743904","https://openalex.org/W3142723417","https://openalex.org/W3143437370","https://openalex.org/W3144494418","https://openalex.org/W3153128276","https://openalex.org/W3159935161","https://openalex.org/W3161963243","https://openalex.org/W3162720533","https://openalex.org/W3164186290","https://openalex.org/W3167450743","https://openalex.org/W3168655568","https://openalex.org/W3171393203","https://openalex.org/W3172394904","https://openalex.org/W3174238227","https://openalex.org/W3175334819","https://openalex.org/W3176048614","https://openalex.org/W3176727369","https://openalex.org/W3183898570","https://openalex.org/W3187559149","https://openalex.org/W3201532875","https://openalex.org/W3203705502","https://openalex.org/W4205197926","https://openalex.org/W4213147678","https://openalex.org/W4225856095","https://openalex.org/W4226050887","https://openalex.org/W4226087734","https://openalex.org/W4280546461","https://openalex.org/W4287549541","https://openalex.org/W4287811172","https://openalex.org/W4288408184","https://openalex.org/W4297972241","https://openalex.org/W4308291290","https://openalex.org/W4309805845","https://openalex.org/W6632219282","https://openalex.org/W6638282465","https://openalex.org/W6684921986","https://openalex.org/W6715102896","https://openalex.org/W6743404602","https://openalex.org/W6754702561","https://openalex.org/W6755964412","https://openalex.org/W6757469721","https://openalex.org/W6760822370","https://openalex.org/W6761028880","https://openalex.org/W6767478059","https://openalex.org/W6775404178","https://openalex.org/W6776816720","https://openalex.org/W6777536727","https://openalex.org/W6778690191","https://openalex.org/W6779060699","https://openalex.org/W6780815988","https://openalex.org/W6786752475","https://openalex.org/W6787184471","https://openalex.org/W6787291960","https://openalex.org/W6787508636","https://openalex.org/W6790092313","https://openalex.org/W6790671978","https://openalex.org/W6790933454","https://openalex.org/W6795117569","https://openalex.org/W6795807957","https://openalex.org/W6796903294"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-terrestrial":[0],"networks":[1,33,48],"(NTNs)":[2],"traditionally":[3],"have":[4],"certain":[5],"limited":[6],"applications.":[7],"However,":[8],"the":[9,39,59,74,79,102,107,111,127,141,150],"recent":[10],"technological":[11,89],"advancements":[12],"and":[13,25,49,73,84,91,110,130,147],"manufacturing":[14],"cost":[15],"reduction":[16],"opened":[17],"up":[18],"myriad":[19],"applications":[20],"of":[21,41,61,68,82],"NTNs":[22,42,69,97],"for":[23],"5G":[24,47],"beyond":[26],"networks,":[27],"especially":[28],"when":[29],"integrated":[30,119],"into":[31,71,78],"terrestrial":[32],"(TNs).":[34],"This":[35],"article":[36],"comprehensively":[37],"surveys":[38],"evolution":[40],"highlighting":[43],"their":[44],"relevance":[45],"to":[46,96,116],"essentially,":[50],"how":[51],"it":[52],"will":[53],"play":[54],"a":[55],"pivotal":[56],"role":[57],"in":[58],"development":[60],"6G":[62,151],"ecosystem.":[63],"We":[64],"discuss":[65],"important":[66],"features":[67],"integration":[70],"TNs":[72],"synergies":[75],"by":[76],"delving":[77],"new":[80,112],"range":[81],"services":[83],"use":[85],"cases,":[86],"various":[87],"architectures,":[88],"enablers,":[90],"higher":[92],"layer":[93],"aspects":[94],"pertinent":[95],"integration.":[98],"Moreover,":[99],"we":[100],"review":[101],"corresponding":[103],"challenges":[104],"arising":[105],"from":[106,132],"technical":[108],"peculiarities":[109],"approaches":[113],"being":[114],"adopted":[115],"develop":[117],"efficient":[118],"ground-air-space":[120],"(GAS)":[121],"networks.":[122,152],"Our":[123],"survey":[124],"further":[125],"includes":[126],"major":[128],"progress":[129],"outcomes":[131],"academic":[133],"research":[134],"as":[135,137],"well":[136],"industrial":[138,143],"efforts":[139],"representing":[140],"main":[142],"trends,":[144],"field":[145],"trials,":[146],"prototyping":[148],"towards":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":200},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":194},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":100},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
