{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4290973502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2022.3198273","title":"Digital Twin of Wireless Systems: Overview, Taxonomy, Challenges, and Opportunities","display_name":"Digital Twin of Wireless Systems: Overview, Taxonomy, Challenges, and Opportunities","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4290973502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2022.3198273"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2022.3198273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2022.3198273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015854563","display_name":"Latif U. Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7678-6949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Latif U. Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063667378","display_name":"Zhu Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department and Computer Science Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","Computer Science Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department and Computer Science Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024108653","display_name":"Walid Saad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walid Saad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea","Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089270885","display_name":"Ekram Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5932-6887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ekram Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057916222","display_name":"Mohsen Guizani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-8094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Guizani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Learning Department, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, UAE","Machine Learning Department, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning Department, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning Department, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034052371","display_name":"Choong Seon Hong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Choong Seon Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015854563"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":36.671,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":276,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99933005,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"2230","last_page":"2254"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13918","display_name":"Advanced Data and IoT Technologies","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7081407904624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5842816233634949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4990050792694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.34975284337997437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23787817358970642}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7081407904624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5842816233634949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4990050792694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.34975284337997437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23787817358970642}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2022.3198273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2022.3198273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3592067443","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A4A1018607","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5929260102","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-0-02068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8924032135","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-0-01287","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":133,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W656369140","https://openalex.org/W1579339470","https://openalex.org/W1972980617","https://openalex.org/W2018583728","https://openalex.org/W2032531991","https://openalex.org/W2047944969","https://openalex.org/W2089194229","https://openalex.org/W2099805730","https://openalex.org/W2105103777","https://openalex.org/W2128564856","https://openalex.org/W2134295053","https://openalex.org/W2144554277","https://openalex.org/W2166657964","https://openalex.org/W2260783129","https://openalex.org/W2278665952","https://openalex.org/W2292671071","https://openalex.org/W2509124262","https://openalex.org/W2516569912","https://openalex.org/W2528305756","https://openalex.org/W2535999204","https://openalex.org/W2550252820","https://openalex.org/W2564100351","https://openalex.org/W2578151840","https://openalex.org/W2585259630","https://openalex.org/W2585757267","https://openalex.org/W2587129440","https://openalex.org/W2602199281","https://openalex.org/W2611818488","https://openalex.org/W2615325511","https://openalex.org/W2751904527","https://openalex.org/W2753580776","https://openalex.org/W2762644836","https://openalex.org/W2767185051","https://openalex.org/W2774100094","https://openalex.org/W2790284307","https://openalex.org/W2794202219","https://openalex.org/W2802854212","https://openalex.org/W2802878531","https://openalex.org/W2808396996","https://openalex.org/W2813042785","https://openalex.org/W2885311373","https://openalex.org/W2890627666","https://openalex.org/W2892341857","https://openalex.org/W2893651011","https://openalex.org/W2898035736","https://openalex.org/W2900387938","https://openalex.org/W2910597635","https://openalex.org/W2914940294","https://openalex.org/W2915771847","https://openalex.org/W2916641566","https://openalex.org/W2942824777","https://openalex.org/W2944428956","https://openalex.org/W2944999228","https://openalex.org/W2946686157","https://openalex.org/W2950508966","https://openalex.org/W2956364677","https://openalex.org/W2962746461","https://openalex.org/W2963568889","https://openalex.org/W2963821229","https://openalex.org/W2964593458","https://openalex.org/W2967529406","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2971032560","https://openalex.org/W2971329741","https://openalex.org/W2972882814","https://openalex.org/W2975055734","https://openalex.org/W2977782888","https://openalex.org/W2983377981","https://openalex.org/W2984937369","https://openalex.org/W2985466239","https://openalex.org/W2988359971","https://openalex.org/W2989120265","https://openalex.org/W2999074226","https://openalex.org/W2999472659","https://openalex.org/W3003709482","https://openalex.org/W3006781240","https://openalex.org/W3008924942","https://openalex.org/W3009554119","https://openalex.org/W3010594930","https://openalex.org/W3012454270","https://openalex.org/W3015882044","https://openalex.org/W3016097478","https://openalex.org/W3016665020","https://openalex.org/W3027118737","https://openalex.org/W3028318515","https://openalex.org/W3032095193","https://openalex.org/W3036600965","https://openalex.org/W3036727471","https://openalex.org/W3036728815","https://openalex.org/W3038342299","https://openalex.org/W3046434468","https://openalex.org/W3088400155","https://openalex.org/W3090615085","https://openalex.org/W3093892217","https://openalex.org/W3095611529","https://openalex.org/W3097281673","https://openalex.org/W3099185017","https://openalex.org/W3100536113","https://openalex.org/W3104300639","https://openalex.org/W3105099026","https://openalex.org/W3119595909","https://openalex.org/W3119842887","https://openalex.org/W3124613635","https://openalex.org/W3130503957","https://openalex.org/W3138191843","https://openalex.org/W3160320241","https://openalex.org/W3160855399","https://openalex.org/W3163246710","https://openalex.org/W3176294990","https://openalex.org/W3177095755","https://openalex.org/W3193771755","https://openalex.org/W3210451088","https://openalex.org/W4205242315","https://openalex.org/W4206674660","https://openalex.org/W4287811172","https://openalex.org/W4288335807","https://openalex.org/W6684679328","https://openalex.org/W6726227549","https://openalex.org/W6728895638","https://openalex.org/W6732937492","https://openalex.org/W6745302872","https://openalex.org/W6746582238","https://openalex.org/W6753278433","https://openalex.org/W6765151969","https://openalex.org/W6766225098","https://openalex.org/W6767293212","https://openalex.org/W6768447405","https://openalex.org/W6771839176","https://openalex.org/W6775245162","https://openalex.org/W6777536727","https://openalex.org/W6795146982","https://openalex.org/W6795263576","https://openalex.org/W6800253193"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Future":[0],"wireless":[1,48,112,131,145,147,154,184],"services":[2],"will":[3,25,40],"focus":[4],"on":[5,108],"improving":[6],"the":[7,52,56,59,97,117,151,183],"quality":[8,32],"of":[9,33,55,61,127,162,178],"life":[10],"by":[11,46],"enabling":[12],"various":[13],"applications,":[14,58],"such":[15],"as":[16,94,169,171],"extended":[17],"reality,":[18],"brain-computer":[19],"interaction,":[20],"and":[21,37,90,125,146,167,180,197,199,209],"healthcare.":[22],"These":[23],"applications":[24],"have":[26],"diverse":[27,53],"performance":[28],"requirements":[29,54],"(e.g.,":[30,79,83,87],"user-defined":[31],"experience":[34],"metrics,":[35],"latency,":[36],"reliability)":[38],"which":[39],"be":[41,44],"challenging":[42],"to":[43,95,160,192],"fulfilled":[45],"existing":[47],"systems.":[49,113,132],"To":[50],"meet":[51],"emerging":[57],"concept":[60],"digital":[62,69,109,128],"twins":[63,110,129,143,152,186],"has":[64],"been":[65],"recently":[66],"proposed.":[67],"A":[68],"twin":[70,163,194],"uses":[71],"a":[72,105,134],"virtual":[73],"representation":[74],"along":[75],"with":[76],"security-related":[77],"technologies":[78,82,86],"blockchain),":[80],"communication":[81],"6G),":[84],"computing":[85],"edge":[88],"computing),":[89],"machine":[91],"learning,":[92],"so":[93],"enable":[96],"smart":[98],"applications.":[99],"In":[100],"this":[101],"tutorial,":[102],"we":[103,115,156,188],"present":[104,116],"comprehensive":[106,135],"overview":[107],"for":[111,130,139,144,148,153,185],"First,":[114],"fundamental":[118],"concepts":[119],"(i.e.,":[120],"design":[121,161,202],"aspects,":[122,141],"high-level":[123],"architecture,":[124],"frameworks)":[126],"Second,":[133],"taxonomy":[136],"is":[137],"devised":[138],"two":[140],"namely,":[142],"twins.":[149],"For":[150,182],"aspect,":[155,187],"consider":[157,189],"issues":[158,190],"related":[159,191],"objects,":[164,195],"physical":[165],"devices,":[166],"interface,":[168],"well":[170],"prototyping,":[172],"deployment":[173],"trends,":[174],"incentive":[175],"mechanism,":[176],"isolation":[177],"twins,":[179],"decoupling.":[181],"accessing":[193],"security":[196],"privacy,":[198],"air":[200],"interface":[201],"are":[203,211],"considered.":[204],"Finally,":[205],"open":[206],"research":[207],"challenges":[208],"opportunities":[210],"discussed.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":89},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":89},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
