{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2982548805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2019.2949750","title":"Multi-Connectivity as an Enabler for Reliable Low Latency Communications\u2014An Overview","display_name":"Multi-Connectivity as an Enabler for Reliable Low Latency Communications\u2014An Overview","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2982548805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2019.2949750","mag":"2982548805"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2019.2949750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2019.2949750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007127015","display_name":"Marie-Theres Suer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-3598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889804353","display_name":"Robert Bosch (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01fe0jt45","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie-Theres Suer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Connected and Mobile Systems Group, Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany","Corporate Research Department, Robert Bosch GmbH, Hildesheim, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-3598","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Connected and Mobile Systems Group, Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporate Research Department, Robert Bosch GmbH, Hildesheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042533942","display_name":"Christoph Thein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889804353","display_name":"Robert Bosch (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01fe0jt45","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Thein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corporate Research Department, Robert Bosch GmbH, Hildesheim, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporate Research Department, Robert Bosch GmbH, Hildesheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071064559","display_name":"Hugues Tchouankem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7120-6186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889804353","display_name":"Robert Bosch (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01fe0jt45","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugues Tchouankem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corporate Research Department, Robert Bosch GmbH, Hildesheim, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7120-6186","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporate Research Department, Robert Bosch GmbH, Hildesheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070428847","display_name":"Lars Wolf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9782-7765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Wolf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Connected and Mobile Systems Group, Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9782-7765","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Connected and Mobile Systems Group, Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.7321,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":144,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97946702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"156","last_page":"169"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8556463718414307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.6428991556167603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osi-model","display_name":"OSI model","score":0.6046353578567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.597164511680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.573350191116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5723252892494202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5450572967529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-layer","display_name":"Application layer","score":0.5115516781806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enabling","display_name":"Enabling","score":0.5076817274093628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-research","display_name":"Open research","score":0.45614784955978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.42281416058540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4181063175201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4146912097930908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22409972548484802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.20591837167739868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection","display_name":"Interconnection","score":0.10019591450691223}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8556463718414307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.6428991556167603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168535184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93312","display_name":"OSI model","level":3,"score":0.6046353578567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.597164511680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.573350191116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5723252892494202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5450572967529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190793597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189768","display_name":"Application layer","level":3,"score":0.5115516781806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22607594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5375150","display_name":"Enabling","level":2,"score":0.5076817274093628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778464652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309849","display_name":"Open research","level":2,"score":0.45614784955978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.42281416058540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4181063175201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4146912097930908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22409972548484802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.20591837167739868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.10019591450691223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2019.2949750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2019.2949750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009199730","https://openalex.org/W2022368378","https://openalex.org/W2038882788","https://openalex.org/W2053095581","https://openalex.org/W2095824860","https://openalex.org/W2111944885","https://openalex.org/W2136850962","https://openalex.org/W2157387075","https://openalex.org/W2157689867","https://openalex.org/W2159225121","https://openalex.org/W2161624011","https://openalex.org/W2162636480","https://openalex.org/W2163454394","https://openalex.org/W2168197332","https://openalex.org/W2342835703","https://openalex.org/W2402258564","https://openalex.org/W2468296714","https://openalex.org/W2480152185","https://openalex.org/W2498128239","https://openalex.org/W2499789725","https://openalex.org/W2515520222","https://openalex.org/W2519300429","https://openalex.org/W2519941433","https://openalex.org/W2548152390","https://openalex.org/W2559998905","https://openalex.org/W2566627289","https://openalex.org/W2585273943","https://openalex.org/W2605211981","https://openalex.org/W2613930370","https://openalex.org/W2728399947","https://openalex.org/W2738048948","https://openalex.org/W2766871078","https://openalex.org/W2769631766","https://openalex.org/W2769893221","https://openalex.org/W2770314368","https://openalex.org/W2776794349","https://openalex.org/W2784197713","https://openalex.org/W2795817386","https://openalex.org/W2796283700","https://openalex.org/W2802498069","https://openalex.org/W2808083451","https://openalex.org/W2808151025","https://openalex.org/W2810476632","https://openalex.org/W2868349920","https://openalex.org/W2877788312","https://openalex.org/W2883473426","https://openalex.org/W2884395238","https://openalex.org/W2886494773","https://openalex.org/W2887424432","https://openalex.org/W2888135052","https://openalex.org/W2888918180","https://openalex.org/W2889379935","https://openalex.org/W2892483155","https://openalex.org/W2893229256","https://openalex.org/W2895956453","https://openalex.org/W2896645320","https://openalex.org/W2897204107","https://openalex.org/W2897915046","https://openalex.org/W2898822267","https://openalex.org/W2900213482","https://openalex.org/W2907119601","https://openalex.org/W2911728646","https://openalex.org/W2962725695","https://openalex.org/W2963250023","https://openalex.org/W2963263729","https://openalex.org/W2963508095","https://openalex.org/W2963686677","https://openalex.org/W2963918646","https://openalex.org/W2964075484","https://openalex.org/W2964326082","https://openalex.org/W3099064609","https://openalex.org/W3100857127","https://openalex.org/W3100882102","https://openalex.org/W3101927978","https://openalex.org/W3151595784","https://openalex.org/W6674370325"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1146749182","https://openalex.org/W2202967556","https://openalex.org/W2183913980","https://openalex.org/W2056075938","https://openalex.org/W4306985820","https://openalex.org/W3021937834","https://openalex.org/W2010826625","https://openalex.org/W4231383135","https://openalex.org/W567653476","https://openalex.org/W1820766890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Emerging":[0],"applications":[1],"such":[2,131],"as":[3,132],"wireless":[4,20],"industrial":[5],"control":[6],"or":[7],"vehicular":[8],"communications":[9],"pose":[10],"strict":[11],"requirements":[12],"in":[13,101],"terms":[14],"of":[15,33,64,96,140,150],"latency":[16],"and":[17,85,103,106,122,138,158],"reliability":[18],"on":[19,111,118],"communication":[21,25,38,46],"systems.":[22],"Since":[23],"contemporary":[24],"standards":[26],"are":[27],"not":[28],"able":[29],"to":[30,57,60,153],"fulfill":[31],"all":[32],"these":[34],"requirements,":[35],"reliable":[36,65],"low-latency":[37,66],"is":[39,53,146],"an":[40,94],"important":[41],"research":[42,129],"topic.":[43],"Using":[44],"multiple":[45],"paths":[47,143,152],"at":[48],"once,":[49],"i.e.,":[50],"multi-connectivity":[51],"(MC),":[52],"a":[54,73,112],"promising":[55],"approach":[56],"get":[58],"closer":[59],"reaching":[61],"this":[62,69],"goal":[63],"communication.":[67],"In":[68],"survey":[70],"we":[71,116],"provide":[72,93],"definition":[74],"for":[75,89,144,156,162],"MC,":[76],"identify":[77,123],"main":[78],"scheduling":[79,160],"categories,":[80],"compare":[81],"different":[82,87,142],"network":[83],"architectures":[84],"consider":[86],"layers":[88],"implementing":[90],"MC.":[91],"We":[92,126],"overview":[95],"MC":[97,109,145,157,163],"methods":[98],"already":[99],"established":[100],"IEEE":[102],"3GPP":[104],"standardization":[105],"discuss":[107],"recent":[108],"approaches":[110],"layer-by-layer":[113],"basis.":[114],"Moreover,":[115],"reflect":[117],"the":[119,133,141,148,151],"existing":[120],"literature":[121],"open":[124],"issues.":[125],"suggest":[127],"further":[128],"directions":[130],"OSI":[134],"Layer":[135],"where":[136],"separation":[137],"aggregation":[139],"performed,":[147],"characteristics":[149],"be":[154],"used":[155],"dynamic":[159],"techniques":[161],"settings.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}