{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2883053505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2018.2859449","title":"NFV Security Survey: From Use Case Driven Threat Analysis to State-of-the-Art Countermeasures","display_name":"NFV Security Survey: From Use Case Driven Threat Analysis to State-of-the-Art Countermeasures","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2883053505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2018.2859449","mag":"2883053505"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2018.2859449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2018.2859449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016055852","display_name":"Montida Pattaranantakul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3103-4812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14316845","display_name":"National Electronics and Computer Technology Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04z82ry91","country_code":"TH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332092204","https://openalex.org/I14316845"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Montida Pattaranantakul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cybersecurity Lab, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Pathumthani, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cybersecurity Lab, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Pathumthani, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14316845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103812836","display_name":"Ruan He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19370010","display_name":"Orange (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/035j0tq82","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruan He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Orange Lab Service, Orange, Ch\u00e2tillon, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange Lab Service, Orange, Ch\u00e2tillon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102272564","display_name":"Qipeng Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-5233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205703379","display_name":"Institut Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com","ror":"https://ror.org/025vp2923","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133642","display_name":"IMT Nord Europe","ror":"https://ror.org/042rh9p26","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210133642"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qipeng Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMT Lille Douai, Institut Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com, Lille, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMT Lille Douai, Institut Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com, Lille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210133642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073982057","display_name":"Zonghua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0379-7089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205703379","display_name":"Institut Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com","ror":"https://ror.org/025vp2923","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133642","display_name":"IMT Nord Europe","ror":"https://ror.org/042rh9p26","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210133642"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zonghua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMT Lille Douai, Institut Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com, Lille, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0379-7089","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMT Lille Douai, Institut Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com, Lille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210133642"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039299074","display_name":"Ahmed Meddahi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205703379","display_name":"Institut Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com","ror":"https://ror.org/025vp2923","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133642","display_name":"IMT Nord Europe","ror":"https://ror.org/042rh9p26","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210133642"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Meddahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMT Lille Douai, Institut Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com, Lille, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9255-2114","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMT Lille Douai, Institut Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com, Lille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210133642"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.8565,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":103,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98316327,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"4","first_page":"3330","last_page":"3368"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6904086470603943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6617928743362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-functions-virtualization","display_name":"Network Functions Virtualization","score":0.6530618667602539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attack-surface","display_name":"Attack surface","score":0.5295162200927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5202073454856873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-service","display_name":"Security service","score":0.5125281810760498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.4741627275943756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.4526198208332062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3845042288303375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.2686023712158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.22123202681541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.18205058574676514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6904086470603943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6617928743362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200789330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7000834","display_name":"Network Functions Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.6530618667602539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776576444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303569","display_name":"Attack surface","level":2,"score":0.5295162200927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5202073454856873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.5125281810760498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.4741627275943756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.4526198208332062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3845042288303375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.2686023712158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.22123202681541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.18205058574676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2018.2859449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2018.2859449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03319464v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03319464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 2018, 20 (4), pp.3330-3368. ⟨10.1109/COMST.2018.2859449⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04187763v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04187763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Communications Surveys and Tutorials, IEEE Communications Society, 2018, 20 (4), pp.3330-3368. ⟨10.1109/COMST.2018.2859449⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":120,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24146216","https://openalex.org/W51022818","https://openalex.org/W97539848","https://openalex.org/W177749425","https://openalex.org/W230273196","https://openalex.org/W259338706","https://openalex.org/W1024067931","https://openalex.org/W1452942402","https://openalex.org/W1486426806","https://openalex.org/W1516078226","https://openalex.org/W1525180324","https://openalex.org/W1561369259","https://openalex.org/W1595551508","https://openalex.org/W1641762327","https://openalex.org/W1666230367","https://openalex.org/W1968011045","https://openalex.org/W1974737884","https://openalex.org/W1977136624","https://openalex.org/W1978731185","https://openalex.org/W1979279766","https://openalex.org/W1980939416","https://openalex.org/W1987459411","https://openalex.org/W1989255032","https://openalex.org/W1991106358","https://openalex.org/W1993295335","https://openalex.org/W1998759144","https://openalex.org/W2002927366","https://openalex.org/W2003464244","https://openalex.org/W2018837024","https://openalex.org/W2019021124","https://openalex.org/W2022047517","https://openalex.org/W2028936716","https://openalex.org/W2028969666","https://openalex.org/W2030216337","https://openalex.org/W2036958068","https://openalex.org/W2041165828","https://openalex.org/W2042288050","https://openalex.org/W2043719717","https://openalex.org/W2050270017","https://openalex.org/W2053343312","https://openalex.org/W2054746462","https://openalex.org/W2061840562","https://openalex.org/W2062805799","https://openalex.org/W2064810357","https://openalex.org/W2065335431","https://openalex.org/W2065551944","https://openalex.org/W2069041872","https://openalex.org/W2073718363","https://openalex.org/W2075189793","https://openalex.org/W2088492763","https://openalex.org/W2089194229","https://openalex.org/W2092798601","https://openalex.org/W2105686707","https://openalex.org/W2110334657","https://openalex.org/W2112967367","https://openalex.org/W2112995928","https://openalex.org/W2119422255","https://openalex.org/W2121622187","https://openalex.org/W2124774833","https://openalex.org/W2124922306","https://openalex.org/W2126846215","https://openalex.org/W2133294820","https://openalex.org/W2134894205","https://openalex.org/W2136930733","https://openalex.org/W2139325411","https://openalex.org/W2140190241","https://openalex.org/W2142972529","https://openalex.org/W2144338762","https://openalex.org/W2148575440","https://openalex.org/W2150663003","https://openalex.org/W2162113580","https://openalex.org/W2186518648","https://openalex.org/W2202294430","https://openalex.org/W2203584209","https://openalex.org/W2234017516","https://openalex.org/W2260783129","https://openalex.org/W2405613152","https://openalex.org/W2466998217","https://openalex.org/W2471647275","https://openalex.org/W2505209768","https://openalex.org/W2514396107","https://openalex.org/W2521560481","https://openalex.org/W2534167950","https://openalex.org/W2535664396","https://openalex.org/W2537371870","https://openalex.org/W2560096713","https://openalex.org/W2573613996","https://openalex.org/W2583709277","https://openalex.org/W2587455697","https://openalex.org/W2589865821","https://openalex.org/W2598655447","https://openalex.org/W2606106394","https://openalex.org/W2611990263","https://openalex.org/W2612238903","https://openalex.org/W2615325511","https://openalex.org/W2615830712","https://openalex.org/W2749363908","https://openalex.org/W2765843193","https://openalex.org/W2796956649","https://openalex.org/W2899399339","https://openalex.org/W2952321600","https://openalex.org/W2963358330","https://openalex.org/W2997947960","https://openalex.org/W3004436970","https://openalex.org/W3026025079","https://openalex.org/W4233865259","https://openalex.org/W4241149828","https://openalex.org/W4246622476","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600944055","https://openalex.org/W6603957951","https://openalex.org/W6628448425","https://openalex.org/W6628906117","https://openalex.org/W6637110787","https://openalex.org/W6675957391","https://openalex.org/W6687889994","https://openalex.org/W6729017655","https://openalex.org/W6734267678","https://openalex.org/W6737704685","https://openalex.org/W6750418160"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3148545455","https://openalex.org/W2461440407","https://openalex.org/W2309305620","https://openalex.org/W3155797402","https://openalex.org/W3015787821","https://openalex.org/W2093477862","https://openalex.org/W2404921573","https://openalex.org/W2355496998","https://openalex.org/W3099433986","https://openalex.org/W2355938062"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0],"functions":[1,54],"virtualization":[2,94],"(NFV),":[3],"along":[4,193],"with":[5,16,119,157,194],"software-defined":[6],"networking":[7,14],"(SDN),":[8],"drives":[9],"a":[10,105,124,184,211],"new":[11],"change":[12],"in":[13,92,142,146,161],"infrastructure":[15],"respect":[17],"to":[18,31,70,89,101,122,152,209,217],"designing,":[19],"deploying,":[20],"and":[21,41,55,60,77,85,145,167,177,221],"managing":[22],"various":[23],"network":[24,48,53],"services.":[25],"In":[26],"particular,":[27],"NFV":[28,103,116,147,158,190,214],"has":[29],"potential":[30,78],"significantly":[32],"reduce":[33],"the":[34,44,63,74,93,173,178,195,198],"hardware":[35],"cost,":[36],"greatly":[37],"improve":[38],"operational":[39],"efficiency,":[40],"dramatically":[42],"shorten":[43],"development":[45],"lifecycle":[46],"of":[47,66,73,113,163,186],"service.":[49],"It":[50],"also":[51],"makes":[52],"services":[56],"much":[57],"more":[58],"adaptive":[59],"scalable.":[61],"Despite":[62],"promising":[64],"advantages":[65],"NFV,":[67],"security":[68,106,111,137,180,200,205,223],"remains":[69],"be":[71,90],"one":[72],"vital":[75],"concerns":[76],"hurdle,":[79],"as":[80],"attack":[81],"surface":[82],"becomes":[83],"unclear":[84],"defense":[86],"line":[87],"turns":[88],"blurred":[91],"environment.":[95],"This":[96],"survey":[97],"is":[98,151,207],"therefore":[99],"devoted":[100],"analyzing":[102],"from":[104],"perspective.":[107],"We":[108],"first":[109],"analyze":[110,153],"threats":[112],"five":[114],"well-defined":[115],"use":[117],"cases,":[118],"an":[120],"objective":[121],"establishing":[123],"comprehensive":[125],"layer-specific":[126],"threat":[127,175],"taxonomy.":[128],"Second,":[129],"we":[130,182],"conduct":[131],"in-depth":[132],"comparative":[133],"studies":[134],"on":[135,172,188,197,226],"several":[136],"mechanisms":[138],"that":[139],"are":[140,234],"applied":[141],"traditional":[143],"scenarios":[144],"environments.":[148],"The":[149],"purpose":[150],"their":[154,227],"implicit":[155],"relationships":[156],"performance":[159],"objectives":[160],"terms":[162],"feasibility,":[164],"agility,":[165],"effectiveness,":[166],"so":[168],"on.":[169],"Third,":[170],"based":[171,191,225],"established":[174],"taxonomy":[176],"analyzed":[179],"mechanisms,":[181],"provide":[183],"set":[185],"recommendations":[187],"securing":[189],"services,":[192],"analysis":[196],"state-of-the-art":[199],"countermeasures.":[201],"A":[202],"resulting":[203],"holistic":[204],"framework":[206],"intended":[208],"lay":[210],"foundation":[212],"for":[213],"service":[215],"providers":[216],"deploy":[218],"adaptive,":[219],"scalable,":[220],"cost-effective":[222],"hardening":[224],"particular":[228],"needs.":[229],"Some":[230],"future":[231],"research":[232],"directions":[233],"finally":[235],"discussed.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}