{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2509004749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2016.2598968","title":"Physical Layer Security for Next Generation Wireless Networks: Theories, Technologies, and Challenges","display_name":"Physical Layer Security for Next Generation Wireless Networks: Theories, Technologies, and Challenges","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2509004749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2016.2598968","mag":"2509004749"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2016.2598968","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2016.2598968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023858246","display_name":"Yiliang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6301-6347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiliang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084739355","display_name":"Hsiao\u2010Hwa Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8473-0729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsiao-Hwa Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8473-0729","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017914641","display_name":"Liangmin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0048-5979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangmin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":33.5567,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":703,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9983432,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"347","last_page":"376"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9763000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7576050758361816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6473052501678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.6386149525642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.558363676071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-security","display_name":"Wireless security","score":0.5210413336753845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phy","display_name":"PHY","score":0.491676390171051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.4634440243244171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.46333467960357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.45265549421310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidentiality","display_name":"Confidentiality","score":0.44525131583213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.317212849855423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20732536911964417}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7576050758361816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6473052501678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.6386149525642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.558363676071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776946656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1655812","display_name":"Wireless security","level":4,"score":0.5210413336753845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41918916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"PHY","level":4,"score":0.491676390171051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.4634440243244171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.46333467960357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.45265549421310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.44525131583213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.317212849855423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20732536911964417}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2016.2598968","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2016.2598968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2365787114","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"104-2221-E-006-081-MY2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","funder_display_name":"National Science Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","display_name":"National Science Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":246,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52732363","https://openalex.org/W252932944","https://openalex.org/W751677133","https://openalex.org/W949353694","https://openalex.org/W1484024531","https://openalex.org/W1518278570","https://openalex.org/W1527701244","https://openalex.org/W1528497439","https://openalex.org/W1548886975","https://openalex.org/W1568096262","https://openalex.org/W1571865684","https://openalex.org/W1585665690","https://openalex.org/W1602100595","https://openalex.org/W1621647796","https://openalex.org/W1731774588","https://openalex.org/W1733425272","https://openalex.org/W1874161289","https://openalex.org/W1919042217","https://openalex.org/W1925963867","https://openalex.org/W1957358593","https://openalex.org/W1966155482","https://openalex.org/W1970334960","https://openalex.org/W1972785130","https://openalex.org/W1973169516","https://openalex.org/W1973384884","https://openalex.org/W1973956822","https://openalex.org/W1976071028","https://openalex.org/W1976842305","https://openalex.org/W1979833275","https://openalex.org/W1980880491","https://openalex.org/W1983377825","https://openalex.org/W1984189152","https://openalex.org/W1984540590","https://openalex.org/W1985882946","https://openalex.org/W1986090422","https://openalex.org/W1988653434","https://openalex.org/W1991614769","https://openalex.org/W1993023123","https://openalex.org/W1993913758","https://openalex.org/W1995524702","https://openalex.org/W1996129153","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W1998752794","https://openalex.org/W2000053617","https://openalex.org/W2000911299","https://openalex.org/W2001427138","https://openalex.org/W2001973626","https://openalex.org/W2003714332","https://openalex.org/W2004197175","https://openalex.org/W2005734988","https://openalex.org/W2006355152","https://openalex.org/W2007529001","https://openalex.org/W2010481082","https://openalex.org/W2011341708","https://openalex.org/W2011755800","https://openalex.org/W2011980550","https://openalex.org/W2012233719","https://openalex.org/W2012425097","https://openalex.org/W2012603227","https://openalex.org/W2012672797","https://openalex.org/W2012978909","https://openalex.org/W2017096524","https://openalex.org/W2018877773","https://openalex.org/W2020025991","https://openalex.org/W2022583653","https://openalex.org/W2023641495","https://openalex.org/W2025488327","https://openalex.org/W2026102914","https://openalex.org/W2026537412","https://openalex.org/W2026859421","https://openalex.org/W2029409284","https://openalex.org/W2030158072","https://openalex.org/W2032278718","https://openalex.org/W2034443306","https://openalex.org/W2036235015","https://openalex.org/W2037260558","https://openalex.org/W2039852519","https://openalex.org/W2043769961","https://openalex.org/W2045172350","https://openalex.org/W2045570050","https://openalex.org/W2046074598","https://openalex.org/W2046307462","https://openalex.org/W2048619792","https://openalex.org/W2048752596","https://openalex.org/W2052316781","https://openalex.org/W2053025573","https://openalex.org/W2055701814","https://openalex.org/W2056973119","https://openalex.org/W2057245560","https://openalex.org/W2057565382","https://openalex.org/W2059060943","https://openalex.org/W2060416030","https://openalex.org/W2060768956","https://openalex.org/W2062612962","https://openalex.org/W2063189880","https://openalex.org/W2065313044","https://openalex.org/W2066756119","https://openalex.org/W2068090402","https://openalex.org/W2068574308","https://openalex.org/W2068916891","https://openalex.org/W2072563372","https://openalex.org/W2075419389","https://openalex.org/W2080693943","https://openalex.org/W2081697631","https://openalex.org/W2082032136","https://openalex.org/W2082087734","https://openalex.org/W2083743912","https://openalex.org/W2085665892","https://openalex.org/W2086582032","https://openalex.org/W2088892532","https://openalex.org/W2089072084","https://openalex.org/W2089112487","https://openalex.org/W2091307460","https://openalex.org/W2091363039","https://openalex.org/W2091550021","https://openalex.org/W2091636921","https://openalex.org/W2091682073","https://openalex.org/W2092086200","https://openalex.org/W2093486063","https://openalex.org/W2093554016","https://openalex.org/W2095114822","https://openalex.org/W2095214648","https://openalex.org/W2097079400","https://openalex.org/W2097480027","https://openalex.org/W2097555694","https://openalex.org/W2098249016","https://openalex.org/W2100413560","https://openalex.org/W2101371787","https://openalex.org/W2102580724","https://openalex.org/W2102654676","https://openalex.org/W2103063389","https://openalex.org/W2104562009","https://openalex.org/W2106938400","https://openalex.org/W2107689535","https://openalex.org/W2108536000","https://openalex.org/W2108777864","https://openalex.org/W2109190643","https://openalex.org/W2109394932","https://openalex.org/W2110221314","https://openalex.org/W2111233776","https://openalex.org/W2112239294","https://openalex.org/W2112732871","https://openalex.org/W2112967760","https://openalex.org/W2113204587","https://openalex.org/W2114289175","https://openalex.org/W2115591228","https://openalex.org/W2115735006","https://openalex.org/W2115843455","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2116892602","https://openalex.org/W2117842133","https://openalex.org/W2119012490","https://openalex.org/W2119466792","https://openalex.org/W2121051729","https://openalex.org/W2124602541","https://openalex.org/W2124841881","https://openalex.org/W2125884950","https://openalex.org/W2126235070","https://openalex.org/W2127007120","https://openalex.org/W2128153585","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2129457795","https://openalex.org/W2132035967","https://openalex.org/W2133406100","https://openalex.org/W2134957651","https://openalex.org/W2134968843","https://openalex.org/W2135137654","https://openalex.org/W2137552535","https://openalex.org/W2138903952","https://openalex.org/W2138924899","https://openalex.org/W2142102521","https://openalex.org/W2142795465","https://openalex.org/W2143062570","https://openalex.org/W2144007657","https://openalex.org/W2145286644","https://openalex.org/W2145577744","https://openalex.org/W2146080444","https://openalex.org/W2146225858","https://openalex.org/W2146761479","https://openalex.org/W2147348113","https://openalex.org/W2147721593","https://openalex.org/W2149116620","https://openalex.org/W2149191412","https://openalex.org/W2149510322","https://openalex.org/W2149777831","https://openalex.org/W2150080833","https://openalex.org/W2150264238","https://openalex.org/W2153644609","https://openalex.org/W2154170045","https://openalex.org/W2154300278","https://openalex.org/W2155438308","https://openalex.org/W2156214717","https://openalex.org/W2156445794","https://openalex.org/W2159437533","https://openalex.org/W2159687282","https://openalex.org/W2161455567","https://openalex.org/W2162678712","https://openalex.org/W2162812372","https://openalex.org/W2166992175","https://openalex.org/W2167447263","https://openalex.org/W2169804500","https://openalex.org/W2170579757","https://openalex.org/W2171006634","https://openalex.org/W2172233962","https://openalex.org/W2209485861","https://openalex.org/W2211831180","https://openalex.org/W2219510568","https://openalex.org/W2226740399","https://openalex.org/W2248823781","https://openalex.org/W2269066968","https://openalex.org/W2272663200","https://openalex.org/W2290634991","https://openalex.org/W2290673619","https://openalex.org/W2291219635","https://openalex.org/W2291446922","https://openalex.org/W2292656771","https://openalex.org/W2294142022","https://openalex.org/W2310394657","https://openalex.org/W2334995621","https://openalex.org/W2408396831","https://openalex.org/W2542732716","https://openalex.org/W2568978207","https://openalex.org/W2949672874","https://openalex.org/W2963206535","https://openalex.org/W2963618749","https://openalex.org/W2963791781","https://openalex.org/W3099111716","https://openalex.org/W3101171379","https://openalex.org/W3101985270","https://openalex.org/W3102354688","https://openalex.org/W3103382732","https://openalex.org/W3105108969","https://openalex.org/W3105854486","https://openalex.org/W3106095601","https://openalex.org/W3106282754","https://openalex.org/W3123083844","https://openalex.org/W3123299285","https://openalex.org/W3142643755","https://openalex.org/W4229762993","https://openalex.org/W6631698751","https://openalex.org/W6631770944","https://openalex.org/W6634207686","https://openalex.org/W6646262461","https://openalex.org/W6667455823","https://openalex.org/W6674657379","https://openalex.org/W6682104819"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2945523224","https://openalex.org/W4313639042","https://openalex.org/W2444418218","https://openalex.org/W2727597159","https://openalex.org/W4241709719","https://openalex.org/W1488909492","https://openalex.org/W4234133302","https://openalex.org/W2111773294","https://openalex.org/W2774037455","https://openalex.org/W1858159341"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Physical":[0],"layer":[1],"security":[2,35,88,95,110],"(PHY-security)":[3],"takes":[4],"the":[5,50,118,124,138,154,164,169],"advantages":[6],"of":[7,11,42,127,166],"channel":[8],"randomness":[9],"nature":[10],"transmission":[12],"media":[13],"to":[14,28,45,68,73,78,106],"achieve":[15],"communication":[16],"confidentiality":[17,130],"and":[18,22,49,63,81,131,133,158],"authentication.":[19],"Wiretap":[20],"coding":[21],"signal":[23],"processing":[24],"technologies":[25,86,143],"are":[26,97,172],"expected":[27],"play":[29],"vital":[30],"roles":[31],"in":[32,149],"this":[33,167],"new":[34],"mechanism.":[36],"PHY-security":[37,85,142],"has":[38],"attracted":[39],"a":[40],"lot":[41],"attention":[43],"due":[44],"its":[46],"unique":[47],"features":[48],"fact":[51],"that":[52,71,144],"our":[53,175],"daily":[54],"life":[55],"relies":[56],"heavily":[57],"on":[58,114,137,141,156],"wireless":[59,150],"communications":[60,148],"for":[61],"sensitive":[62],"private":[64],"information":[65],"transmissions.":[66],"Compared":[67],"conventional":[69],"cryptography":[70],"works":[72,140],"ensure":[74],"all":[75],"involved":[76],"entities":[77],"load":[79],"proper":[80],"authenticated":[82],"cryptographic":[83],"information,":[84],"perform":[87],"functions":[89],"without":[90],"considering":[91],"about":[92],"how":[93],"those":[94],"protocols":[96],"executed.":[98],"In":[99],"other":[100,115],"words,":[101],"it":[102],"does":[103],"not":[104],"require":[105],"implement":[107],"any":[108],"extra":[109],"schemes":[111],"or":[112],"algorithms":[113],"layers":[116],"above":[117],"physical":[119],"layer.":[120],"This":[121],"survey":[122],"introduces":[123],"fundamental":[125],"theories":[126],"PHY-security,":[128],"covering":[129],"authentication,":[132],"provides":[134],"an":[135],"overview":[136],"state-of-the-art":[139],"can":[145],"provide":[146],"secure":[147],"systems,":[151],"along":[152],"with":[153],"discussions":[155],"challenges":[157],"their":[159],"proposed":[160],"solutions.":[161],"Furthermore,":[162],"at":[163],"end":[165],"paper,":[168],"open":[170],"issues":[171],"identified":[173],"as":[174],"future":[176],"research":[177],"directions.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":77},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":73},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":72},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":88},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":90},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":101},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":79},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
