{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2342656438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2016.2560343","title":"Survey on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Networks for Civil Applications: A Communications Viewpoint","display_name":"Survey on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Networks for Civil Applications: A Communications Viewpoint","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2342656438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2016.2560343","mag":"2342656438"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2016.2560343","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2016.2560343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003257530","display_name":"Samira Hayat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1725-4106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166741","display_name":"University of Klagenfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/05q9m0937","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166741"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samira Hayat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Networked and Embedded Systems, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Networked and Embedded Systems, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064900817","display_name":"Ev\u015fen Yanmaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2983-1978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107358","display_name":"Lakeside Labs","ror":"https://ror.org/01w08b546","country_code":"AT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107358"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evsen Yanmaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lakeside Labs GmbH, Klagenfurt, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2983-1978","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lakeside Labs GmbH, Klagenfurt, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074296718","display_name":"Raheeb Muzaffar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4000-7242"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166741","display_name":"University of Klagenfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/05q9m0937","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166741"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raheeb Muzaffar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Networked and Embedded Systems, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Networked and Embedded Systems, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166741"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2383.2198,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1381,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99999388,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"2624","last_page":"2661"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.684382438659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.6673139333724976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6481090784072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.605014443397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.5042217969894409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4541343152523041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.43853509426116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.43278735876083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4218734800815582}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.684382438659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.6673139333724976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6481090784072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.605014443397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.5042217969894409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4541343152523041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.43853509426116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.43278735876083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4218734800815582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2016.2560343","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2016.2560343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6233887731","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EMJD ICE FPA 2010-0012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334680","funder_display_name":"Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334680","display_name":"Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":217,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17164458","https://openalex.org/W103849064","https://openalex.org/W155231534","https://openalex.org/W183000808","https://openalex.org/W194230875","https://openalex.org/W280721395","https://openalex.org/W306312984","https://openalex.org/W759383807","https://openalex.org/W800163694","https://openalex.org/W985156644","https://openalex.org/W1484980482","https://openalex.org/W1485334389","https://openalex.org/W1497763074","https://openalex.org/W1522185922","https://openalex.org/W1534872092","https://openalex.org/W1554177659","https://openalex.org/W1563714736","https://openalex.org/W1592573009","https://openalex.org/W1594585648","https://openalex.org/W1704276703","https://openalex.org/W1776031812","https://openalex.org/W1965843508","https://openalex.org/W1966714274","https://openalex.org/W1968286622","https://openalex.org/W1968716483","https://openalex.org/W1969455159","https://openalex.org/W1970009777","https://openalex.org/W1971665647","https://openalex.org/W1973354455","https://openalex.org/W1980210989","https://openalex.org/W1981475037","https://openalex.org/W1988085672","https://openalex.org/W1988809320","https://openalex.org/W1989271068","https://openalex.org/W1990164158","https://openalex.org/W1990193153","https://openalex.org/W1991876273","https://openalex.org/W1992555904","https://openalex.org/W1995612435","https://openalex.org/W1996783115","https://openalex.org/W1997346737","https://openalex.org/W1997469745","https://openalex.org/W1997765621","https://openalex.org/W2003668616","https://openalex.org/W2008982826","https://openalex.org/W2009785706","https://openalex.org/W2010975608","https://openalex.org/W2012031862","https://openalex.org/W2012252652","https://openalex.org/W2013036948","https://openalex.org/W2013496369","https://openalex.org/W2013657810","https://openalex.org/W2019450466","https://openalex.org/W2020194400","https://openalex.org/W2020199432","https://openalex.org/W2020463045","https://openalex.org/W2021358759","https://openalex.org/W2025004307","https://openalex.org/W2026440120","https://openalex.org/W2028721241","https://openalex.org/W2030093752","https://openalex.org/W2032582750","https://openalex.org/W2035981208","https://openalex.org/W2036613575","https://openalex.org/W2036686752","https://openalex.org/W2036742985","https://openalex.org/W2037075294","https://openalex.org/W2038650746","https://openalex.org/W2041026075","https://openalex.org/W2043164756","https://openalex.org/W2043204802","https://openalex.org/W2045419548","https://openalex.org/W2046789485","https://openalex.org/W2050129189","https://openalex.org/W2051569701","https://openalex.org/W2052452467","https://openalex.org/W2052472307","https://openalex.org/W2054657157","https://openalex.org/W2055397296","https://openalex.org/W2057542410","https://openalex.org/W2058146999","https://openalex.org/W2058711580","https://openalex.org/W2060794637","https://openalex.org/W2063631294","https://openalex.org/W2065894019","https://openalex.org/W2066435193","https://openalex.org/W2067417099","https://openalex.org/W2068268985","https://openalex.org/W2068577167","https://openalex.org/W2070449754","https://openalex.org/W2070967042","https://openalex.org/W2071866183","https://openalex.org/W2074242822","https://openalex.org/W2075568193","https://openalex.org/W2077415125","https://openalex.org/W2079323093","https://openalex.org/W2079387068","https://openalex.org/W2080302557","https://openalex.org/W2082040042","https://openalex.org/W2082040758","https://openalex.org/W2082990851","https://openalex.org/W2084156584","https://openalex.org/W2084430118","https://openalex.org/W2086908079","https://openalex.org/W2087211251","https://openalex.org/W2088563571","https://openalex.org/W2090434188","https://openalex.org/W2092678171","https://openalex.org/W2095582886","https://openalex.org/W2098951456","https://openalex.org/W2099894508","https://openalex.org/W2100039291","https://openalex.org/W2103451132","https://openalex.org/W2104724909","https://openalex.org/W2105544244","https://openalex.org/W2105556873","https://openalex.org/W2107664584","https://openalex.org/W2108023893","https://openalex.org/W2108241023","https://openalex.org/W2108554593","https://openalex.org/W2111495242","https://openalex.org/W2114318630","https://openalex.org/W2115056390","https://openalex.org/W2115510323","https://openalex.org/W2116499400","https://openalex.org/W2116586429","https://openalex.org/W2116684429","https://openalex.org/W2117285697","https://openalex.org/W2117560972","https://openalex.org/W2118359434","https://openalex.org/W2119300641","https://openalex.org/W2119412366","https://openalex.org/W2120117050","https://openalex.org/W2120225005","https://openalex.org/W2122654225","https://openalex.org/W2123216430","https://openalex.org/W2123726099","https://openalex.org/W2126976635","https://openalex.org/W2128474458","https://openalex.org/W2128619399","https://openalex.org/W2129841366","https://openalex.org/W2132161921","https://openalex.org/W2133050889","https://openalex.org/W2133444666","https://openalex.org/W2134202862","https://openalex.org/W2136329802","https://openalex.org/W2140558412","https://openalex.org/W2141538767","https://openalex.org/W2142826289","https://openalex.org/W2142886823","https://openalex.org/W2146032929","https://openalex.org/W2148050374","https://openalex.org/W2148135143","https://openalex.org/W2148182166","https://openalex.org/W2148866336","https://openalex.org/W2150336603","https://openalex.org/W2150678256","https://openalex.org/W2152588948","https://openalex.org/W2157457404","https://openalex.org/W2159434468","https://openalex.org/W2159745310","https://openalex.org/W2159786429","https://openalex.org/W2160580939","https://openalex.org/W2161640774","https://openalex.org/W2162752552","https://openalex.org/W2164991068","https://openalex.org/W2169485172","https://openalex.org/W2169677720","https://openalex.org/W2169871424","https://openalex.org/W2170651210","https://openalex.org/W2172041073","https://openalex.org/W2172186626","https://openalex.org/W2172220567","https://openalex.org/W2183725454","https://openalex.org/W2185516019","https://openalex.org/W2188343622","https://openalex.org/W2247093371","https://openalex.org/W2284770305","https://openalex.org/W2295977886","https://openalex.org/W2322836853","https://openalex.org/W2327622231","https://openalex.org/W2404708824","https://openalex.org/W2544391820","https://openalex.org/W2606432390","https://openalex.org/W2787948636","https://openalex.org/W2910213251","https://openalex.org/W2963094878","https://openalex.org/W3104128370","https://openalex.org/W3105169977","https://openalex.org/W3148184457","https://openalex.org/W3169915594","https://openalex.org/W4230504900","https://openalex.org/W4232201436","https://openalex.org/W4250700226","https://openalex.org/W4251733018","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600701357","https://openalex.org/W6610201302","https://openalex.org/W6622661176","https://openalex.org/W6625752312","https://openalex.org/W6629138826","https://openalex.org/W6633149825","https://openalex.org/W6637556697","https://openalex.org/W6637937780","https://openalex.org/W6642884358","https://openalex.org/W6658821205","https://openalex.org/W6659524403","https://openalex.org/W6665047238","https://openalex.org/W6666500483","https://openalex.org/W6680778568","https://openalex.org/W6684797508","https://openalex.org/W6686095092","https://openalex.org/W6695586988","https://openalex.org/W6748153755","https://openalex.org/W6757990524","https://openalex.org/W6795899447","https://openalex.org/W6997141178"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229448053","https://openalex.org/W4247925126","https://openalex.org/W4312858960","https://openalex.org/W4386036939","https://openalex.org/W4327774218","https://openalex.org/W3206445629","https://openalex.org/W2605096541","https://openalex.org/W3200286695","https://openalex.org/W2357124094","https://openalex.org/W2016108640"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"days":[1],"where":[2],"swarms":[3],"of":[4,20,33,39,53,64,72,97,164],"unmanned":[5],"aerial":[6,25,75,171],"vehicles":[7,26,35,76],"(UAVs)":[8],"will":[9],"occupy":[10],"our":[11],"skies":[12],"are":[13],"fast":[14],"approaching":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17,60,68,129],"the":[18,28,51,62,70,78,93,105,126,133,162],"introduction":[19],"cost-efficient":[21],"and":[22,27,43,84,95,111,116,125,150,160],"reliable":[23,83,170],"small":[24],"increasing":[29],"demand":[30],"for":[31,100,168],"use":[32],"such":[34,56,143],"in":[36,50,81],"a":[37,82,109],"plethora":[38],"civil":[40,102],"applications.":[41],"Governments":[42],"industry":[44],"alike":[45],"have":[46],"been":[47],"heavily":[48],"investing":[49],"development":[52],"UAVs.":[54],"As":[55],"it":[57],"is":[58],"important":[59],"understand":[61],"characteristics":[63,94],"networks":[65,99],"with":[66],"UAVs":[67],"enable":[69],"incorporation":[71],"multiple,":[73],"coordinated":[74],"into":[77],"air":[79],"traffic":[80],"safe":[85],"manner.":[86],"To":[87],"this":[88,90],"end,":[89],"survey":[91,115],"reports":[92],"requirements":[96,142],"UAV":[98],"envisioned":[101],"applications":[103],"over":[104,132],"period":[106],"2000-2015":[107],"from":[108,157],"communications":[110],"networking":[112,140],"viewpoint.":[113],"We":[114,152],"quantify":[117],"quality-of-service":[118],"requirements,":[119,124],"network-relevant":[120],"mission":[121],"parameters,":[122],"data":[123,128],"minimum":[127],"be":[130],"transmitted":[131],"network.":[134],"Furthermore,":[135],"we":[136],"elaborate":[137],"on":[138],"general":[139],"related":[141],"as":[144],"connectivity,":[145],"adaptability,":[146],"safety,":[147],"privacy,":[148],"security,":[149],"scalability.":[151],"also":[153],"report":[154],"experimental":[155],"results":[156],"many":[158],"projects":[159],"investigate":[161],"suitability":[163],"existing":[165],"communication":[166],"technologies":[167],"supporting":[169],"networking.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":108},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":120},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":152},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":190},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":185},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":223},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":203},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":119},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}