{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103586998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2015.2452414","title":"Cognitive Radio Techniques Under Practical Imperfections: A Survey","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Techniques Under Practical Imperfections: A Survey","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103586998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2015.2452414","mag":"2103586998"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2015.2452414","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2015.2452414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/21725","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004973785","display_name":"Shree Krishna Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9823-2886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shree Krishna Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","Interdiscipl. Center for Security, Reliability & Trust, Univ. of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdiscipl. Center for Security, Reliability & Trust, Univ. of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033914007","display_name":"Tadilo Endeshaw Bogale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1332-8542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159129438","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/002rjbv21","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159129438","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39481719","display_name":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/04td37d32","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39481719","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tadilo Endeshaw Bogale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada","Inst. Nat. de la Rech. Sci., Univ. du Quebec, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159129438","https://openalex.org/I39481719"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. Nat. de la Rech. Sci., Univ. du Quebec, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159129438"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016154330","display_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-0001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","Interdiscipl. Center for Security, Reliability & Trust, Univ. of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdiscipl. Center for Security, Reliability & Trust, Univ. of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080037825","display_name":"Bj\u00f6rn Ottersten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2298-6774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bjorn Ottersten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","Interdiscipl. Center for Security, Reliability & Trust, Univ. of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdiscipl. Center for Security, Reliability & Trust, Univ. of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029986211","display_name":"Long Bao Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3577-6530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159129438","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/002rjbv21","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159129438","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39481719","display_name":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/04td37d32","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39481719","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Bao Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada","Inst. Nat. de la Rech. Sci., Univ. du Quebec, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159129438","https://openalex.org/I39481719"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. Nat. de la Rech. Sci., Univ. du Quebec, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159129438"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100733413","display_name":"Xianbin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4890-0748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianbin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":38.01,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":223,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99784236,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"4","first_page":"1858","last_page":"1884"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.8798840045928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.7189534902572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6927174925804138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-management","display_name":"Spectrum management","score":0.622957170009613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.5922403335571289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5681689977645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.5536469221115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.552787721157074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4592772126197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4281390607357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-network","display_name":"Cognitive network","score":0.42481088638305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4229843020439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.38406309485435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3234756886959076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16282740235328674}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.8798840045928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.7189534902572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6927174925804138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63029442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504978","display_name":"Spectrum management","level":4,"score":0.622957170009613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.5922403335571289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5681689977645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5536469221115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.552787721157074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4592772126197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4281390607357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32542511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141225","display_name":"Cognitive network","level":4,"score":0.42481088638305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4229843020439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.38406309485435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3234756886959076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16282740235328674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2015.2452414","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2015.2452414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/21725","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/21725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials (2015-07)","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/21725","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/21725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials (2015-07)","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2903875436","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CRDPJ 461894-13","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/039z13y21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":188,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47330186","https://openalex.org/W158205031","https://openalex.org/W188857316","https://openalex.org/W220248291","https://openalex.org/W615589970","https://openalex.org/W770492861","https://openalex.org/W1178561982","https://openalex.org/W1495751276","https://openalex.org/W1500801837","https://openalex.org/W1552474528","https://openalex.org/W1596176149","https://openalex.org/W1607411783","https://openalex.org/W1790788336","https://openalex.org/W1844883389","https://openalex.org/W1965215867","https://openalex.org/W1965392255","https://openalex.org/W1966149306","https://openalex.org/W1970690124","https://openalex.org/W1972275073","https://openalex.org/W1975770423","https://openalex.org/W1976109068","https://openalex.org/W1977816353","https://openalex.org/W1980266728","https://openalex.org/W1980860787","https://openalex.org/W1983239182","https://openalex.org/W1985179859","https://openalex.org/W1989605846","https://openalex.org/W1994125924","https://openalex.org/W1997150858","https://openalex.org/W1997858671","https://openalex.org/W2001240494","https://openalex.org/W2001339765","https://openalex.org/W2003688737","https://openalex.org/W2006554558","https://openalex.org/W2009244389","https://openalex.org/W2009259475","https://openalex.org/W2011866283","https://openalex.org/W2012499311","https://openalex.org/W2014274742","https://openalex.org/W2015591403","https://openalex.org/W2015787227","https://openalex.org/W2017487050","https://openalex.org/W2017660411","https://openalex.org/W2018767543","https://openalex.org/W2019085438","https://openalex.org/W2019698800","https://openalex.org/W2022063744","https://openalex.org/W2022598164","https://openalex.org/W2023522032","https://openalex.org/W2026363762","https://openalex.org/W2029122363","https://openalex.org/W2030500923","https://openalex.org/W2030812201","https://openalex.org/W2034308714","https://openalex.org/W2034455190","https://openalex.org/W2034711051","https://openalex.org/W2037673368","https://openalex.org/W2041488232","https://openalex.org/W2044842329","https://openalex.org/W2045273734","https://openalex.org/W2047515083","https://openalex.org/W2048101164","https://openalex.org/W2049468127","https://openalex.org/W2054019480","https://openalex.org/W2055039038","https://openalex.org/W2055224708","https://openalex.org/W2056994880","https://openalex.org/W2058234500","https://openalex.org/W2062045965","https://openalex.org/W2065715415","https://openalex.org/W2066111587","https://openalex.org/W2066206974","https://openalex.org/W2069010548","https://openalex.org/W2071707134","https://openalex.org/W2074296313","https://openalex.org/W2074664043","https://openalex.org/W2074718074","https://openalex.org/W2080096017","https://openalex.org/W2083244127","https://openalex.org/W2084026635","https://openalex.org/W2084933954","https://openalex.org/W2086518248","https://openalex.org/W2090796575","https://openalex.org/W2090958326","https://openalex.org/W2091005538","https://openalex.org/W2091367084","https://openalex.org/W2091408842","https://openalex.org/W2092431085","https://openalex.org/W2095809886","https://openalex.org/W2098971218","https://openalex.org/W2099848737","https://openalex.org/W2099864321","https://openalex.org/W2101840010","https://openalex.org/W2102640618","https://openalex.org/W2104310451","https://openalex.org/W2107159025","https://openalex.org/W2107997650","https://openalex.org/W2109802212","https://openalex.org/W2110567841","https://openalex.org/W2110704086","https://openalex.org/W2113900577","https://openalex.org/W2116125147","https://openalex.org/W2116311747","https://openalex.org/W2116537034","https://openalex.org/W2118293214","https://openalex.org/W2118946703","https://openalex.org/W2119137700","https://openalex.org/W2119358032","https://openalex.org/W2120961178","https://openalex.org/W2122274174","https://openalex.org/W2123324551","https://openalex.org/W2123651102","https://openalex.org/W2124590431","https://openalex.org/W2127593435","https://openalex.org/W2128056385","https://openalex.org/W2129521783","https://openalex.org/W2130520930","https://openalex.org/W2130569597","https://openalex.org/W2131216686","https://openalex.org/W2131897897","https://openalex.org/W2132242363","https://openalex.org/W2133956326","https://openalex.org/W2134519148","https://openalex.org/W2135115617","https://openalex.org/W2135169717","https://openalex.org/W2135625887","https://openalex.org/W2136816673","https://openalex.org/W2136957911","https://openalex.org/W2137144385","https://openalex.org/W2137414433","https://openalex.org/W2138069856","https://openalex.org/W2139423300","https://openalex.org/W2140665682","https://openalex.org/W2144112805","https://openalex.org/W2144922733","https://openalex.org/W2145602158","https://openalex.org/W2145614561","https://openalex.org/W2148291993","https://openalex.org/W2150307184","https://openalex.org/W2150397642","https://openalex.org/W2152587757","https://openalex.org/W2156043963","https://openalex.org/W2157000663","https://openalex.org/W2157394606","https://openalex.org/W2157786728","https://openalex.org/W2160099617","https://openalex.org/W2160317090","https://openalex.org/W2160397191","https://openalex.org/W2161209335","https://openalex.org/W2162175224","https://openalex.org/W2163930010","https://openalex.org/W2164233625","https://openalex.org/W2164499485","https://openalex.org/W2164679141","https://openalex.org/W2165124855","https://openalex.org/W2165800172","https://openalex.org/W2167230435","https://openalex.org/W2168078104","https://openalex.org/W2168419478","https://openalex.org/W2168826350","https://openalex.org/W2170505228","https://openalex.org/W2170705708","https://openalex.org/W2170733711","https://openalex.org/W2170738062","https://openalex.org/W2171402290","https://openalex.org/W2172139273","https://openalex.org/W2276581826","https://openalex.org/W2278575468","https://openalex.org/W2323463076","https://openalex.org/W2400279804","https://openalex.org/W2412868202","https://openalex.org/W2478715459","https://openalex.org/W2486408744","https://openalex.org/W2533196150","https://openalex.org/W2764325391","https://openalex.org/W2964255670","https://openalex.org/W3100416633","https://openalex.org/W3105988367","https://openalex.org/W3143770205","https://openalex.org/W4253900906","https://openalex.org/W6607589694","https://openalex.org/W6622556123","https://openalex.org/W6638062831","https://openalex.org/W6666648327","https://openalex.org/W6677294850","https://openalex.org/W6681246052","https://openalex.org/W6700849381","https://openalex.org/W6715731767"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578981417","https://openalex.org/W2110041174","https://openalex.org/W2799931104","https://openalex.org/W4313315798","https://openalex.org/W2207064437","https://openalex.org/W4313597519","https://openalex.org/W2746405938","https://openalex.org/W2539891648","https://openalex.org/W2045700597","https://openalex.org/W636998947"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cognitive":[0],"radio":[1,55],"(CR)":[2],"has":[3],"been":[4],"considered":[5],"as":[6,45,70],"a":[7,89],"potential":[8],"candidate":[9],"for":[10,108,129],"addressing":[11,155],"the":[12,39,53,86,95,109,126,135,142,151],"spectrum":[13],"scarcity":[14],"problem":[15],"of":[16,41,88,97,112,125],"future":[17],"wireless":[18],"networks.":[19],"Since":[20],"its":[21,49],"conception,":[22],"several":[23,57,67],"researchers,":[24],"academic":[25],"institutions,":[26],"industries,":[27],"and":[28,30,80,148],"regulatory":[29],"standardization":[31],"bodies":[32],"have":[33],"put":[34],"their":[35],"significant":[36],"efforts":[37],"toward":[38,100,154],"realization":[40],"CR":[42,90,130,146],"technology.":[43,114],"However,":[44],"this":[46,93,116,119],"technology":[47],"adapts":[48],"transmission":[50],"based":[51],"on":[52],"surrounding":[54],"environment,":[56],"practical":[58,103],"issues":[59],"may":[60,83,139],"need":[61],"to":[62],"be":[63],"considered.":[64],"In":[65,115],"practice,":[66],"imperfections,":[68,77],"such":[69],"noise":[71],"uncertainty,":[72,74,79],"channel/interference":[73],"transceiver":[75],"hardware":[76],"signal":[78],"synchronization":[81],"issues,":[82],"severely":[84],"deteriorate":[85],"performance":[87],"system.":[91],"To":[92],"end,":[94],"investigation":[96],"realistic":[98],"solutions":[99],"combating":[101],"various":[102],"imperfections":[104,137],"is":[105],"very":[106],"important":[107],"successful":[110],"implementation":[111],"cognitive":[113],"direction,":[117],"first,":[118],"survey":[120],"paper":[121],"provides":[122,160],"an":[123],"overview":[124],"enabling":[127],"techniques":[128],"communications.":[131],"Subsequently,":[132],"it":[133,159],"discusses":[134],"main":[136],"that":[138],"occur":[140],"in":[141],"most":[143],"widely":[144],"used":[145],"paradigms":[147],"then":[149],"reviews":[150],"existing":[152],"approaches":[153],"these":[156],"imperfections.":[157],"Finally,":[158],"some":[161],"interesting":[162],"open":[163],"research":[164],"issues.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}