{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2081346399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2015.2419819","title":"Mobility Models, Traces and Impact of Mobility on Opportunistic Routing Algorithms: A Survey","display_name":"Mobility Models, Traces and Impact of Mobility on Opportunistic Routing Algorithms: A Survey","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2081346399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2015.2419819","mag":"2081346399"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2015.2419819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2015.2419819","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070569222","display_name":"Suvadip Batabyal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8344-5897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170979836","display_name":"Jadavpur University","ror":"https://ror.org/02af4h012","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suvadip Batabyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mobile Computing & Communication, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India","[Sch. of Mobile Comput. & Commun., Jadavpur Univ., Kolkata, India]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mobile Computing & Communication, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Sch. of Mobile Comput. & Commun., Jadavpur Univ., Kolkata, India]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042877131","display_name":"Parama Bhaumik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2501-0558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170979836","display_name":"Jadavpur University","ror":"https://ror.org/02af4h012","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parama Bhaumik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India","Dept. of Information Technology Jadavpur University Kolkata, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Technology Jadavpur University Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.0769,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":179,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99080933,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"1679","last_page":"1707"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobility-model","display_name":"Mobility model","score":0.8817710876464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8154412508010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7295692563056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5430424213409424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5289911031723022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5228446125984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Mobile ad hoc network","score":0.4279749393463135}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191485582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887309","display_name":"Mobility model","level":2,"score":0.8817710876464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8154412508010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7295692563056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5430424213409424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5289911031723022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5228446125984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91280400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Mobile ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.4279749393463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2015.2419819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2015.2419819","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":150,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10935558","https://openalex.org/W73932068","https://openalex.org/W155212612","https://openalex.org/W188188325","https://openalex.org/W839464866","https://openalex.org/W1497763074","https://openalex.org/W1502694642","https://openalex.org/W1523185378","https://openalex.org/W1537940195","https://openalex.org/W1586184796","https://openalex.org/W1592892497","https://openalex.org/W1596164148","https://openalex.org/W1862916278","https://openalex.org/W1921603329","https://openalex.org/W1929097912","https://openalex.org/W1946651478","https://openalex.org/W1954073967","https://openalex.org/W1964436299","https://openalex.org/W1964848431","https://openalex.org/W1965455100","https://openalex.org/W1968213983","https://openalex.org/W1968560005","https://openalex.org/W1972044564","https://openalex.org/W1972863896","https://openalex.org/W1973353128","https://openalex.org/W1976962685","https://openalex.org/W1979081979","https://openalex.org/W1982300822","https://openalex.org/W1982904338","https://openalex.org/W1992120820","https://openalex.org/W1997091410","https://openalex.org/W2000715427","https://openalex.org/W2003518859","https://openalex.org/W2009155608","https://openalex.org/W2011300998","https://openalex.org/W2011562185","https://openalex.org/W2011931151","https://openalex.org/W2013161329","https://openalex.org/W2018798792","https://openalex.org/W2019094329","https://openalex.org/W2027482961","https://openalex.org/W2031089293","https://openalex.org/W2040675064","https://openalex.org/W2044630035","https://openalex.org/W2044908106","https://openalex.org/W2047688790","https://openalex.org/W2048760114","https://openalex.org/W2049176600","https://openalex.org/W2050129924","https://openalex.org/W2050218995","https://openalex.org/W2053008757","https://openalex.org/W2053694592","https://openalex.org/W2056284729","https://openalex.org/W2058722498","https://openalex.org/W2060334710","https://openalex.org/W2062930567","https://openalex.org/W2073418598","https://openalex.org/W2073452344","https://openalex.org/W2074739868","https://openalex.org/W2075030232","https://openalex.org/W2078323119","https://openalex.org/W2089080831","https://openalex.org/W2089312787","https://openalex.org/W2092003045","https://openalex.org/W2095293504","https://openalex.org/W2096509679","https://openalex.org/W2097625638","https://openalex.org/W2099069653","https://openalex.org/W2099633905","https://openalex.org/W2102791427","https://openalex.org/W2104344504","https://openalex.org/W2105273407","https://openalex.org/W2105951226","https://openalex.org/W2106974044","https://openalex.org/W2107353764","https://openalex.org/W2108569201","https://openalex.org/W2109378880","https://openalex.org/W2109507892","https://openalex.org/W2112316694","https://openalex.org/W2116204347","https://openalex.org/W2117624199","https://openalex.org/W2119081718","https://openalex.org/W2120822931","https://openalex.org/W2123825896","https://openalex.org/W2123971693","https://openalex.org/W2127484926","https://openalex.org/W2128734758","https://openalex.org/W2128745191","https://openalex.org/W2129849999","https://openalex.org/W2131185427","https://openalex.org/W2131882654","https://openalex.org/W2132932625","https://openalex.org/W2133286823","https://openalex.org/W2133400794","https://openalex.org/W2133520751","https://openalex.org/W2135712710","https://openalex.org/W2136102209","https://openalex.org/W2136707967","https://openalex.org/W2137688035","https://openalex.org/W2137775453","https://openalex.org/W2138677604","https://openalex.org/W2143548801","https://openalex.org/W2143554828","https://openalex.org/W2145517691","https://openalex.org/W2148135143","https://openalex.org/W2149906774","https://openalex.org/W2149959815","https://openalex.org/W2151342861","https://openalex.org/W2153885326","https://openalex.org/W2154376416","https://openalex.org/W2156114095","https://openalex.org/W2156515366","https://openalex.org/W2160005388","https://openalex.org/W2160742791","https://openalex.org/W2161750835","https://openalex.org/W2162201103","https://openalex.org/W2162266286","https://openalex.org/W2164463646","https://openalex.org/W2164928285","https://openalex.org/W2164988386","https://openalex.org/W2167563176","https://openalex.org/W2167627514","https://openalex.org/W2169216656","https://openalex.org/W2169706362","https://openalex.org/W2171503138","https://openalex.org/W2186400910","https://openalex.org/W2261410407","https://openalex.org/W2294749418","https://openalex.org/W2556028656","https://openalex.org/W2738925194","https://openalex.org/W2793965255","https://openalex.org/W2795857897","https://openalex.org/W3003535479","https://openalex.org/W4242246215","https://openalex.org/W4242656826","https://openalex.org/W4244354159","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6602962640","https://openalex.org/W6606371883","https://openalex.org/W6635622253","https://openalex.org/W6640697752","https://openalex.org/W6640944341","https://openalex.org/W6642043327","https://openalex.org/W6675558935","https://openalex.org/W6677476456","https://openalex.org/W6680287473","https://openalex.org/W6685385595","https://openalex.org/W6697091597","https://openalex.org/W6741590572","https://openalex.org/W6749713989"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016172030","https://openalex.org/W2047490229","https://openalex.org/W1531688123","https://openalex.org/W2048735602","https://openalex.org/W2032395188","https://openalex.org/W763509043","https://openalex.org/W2749079590","https://openalex.org/W4385438236","https://openalex.org/W2152448962","https://openalex.org/W32111050"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobile":[0],"Opportunistic":[1],"Network":[2],"(MON)":[3],"is":[4],"characterized":[5],"by":[6,95],"intermittent":[7],"connectivity":[8],"where":[9,52],"communication":[10,70],"largely":[11,189],"depends":[12,64,74],"on":[13,65,75,249],"the":[14,18,27,57,66,76,79,122,132,146,160,191,198,212,225,242,252],"mobility":[15,77,116,135,153,156,168,178,188,214,227,239],"pattern":[16],"of":[17,29,69,78,124,134,148,162,176,193,210,244,251],"participating":[19],"nodes.":[20],"In":[21],"MON,":[22,125],"a":[23,30,33,40,53,118,173,207],"node":[24,54],"can":[25,91],"take":[26],"custody":[28],"packet":[31,58],"for":[32],"long":[34],"time":[35],"and":[36,84,141,158,186,233,255],"carry":[37],"it":[38],"until":[39],"new":[41],"forwarding":[42],"path":[43],"has":[44],"been":[45,182,218,231],"established,":[46],"unlike":[47],"mobile":[48],"adhoc":[49],"network":[50],"(MANET),":[51],"must":[55],"drop":[56],"otherwise.":[59],"Therefore,":[60,114],"routing":[61],"in":[62,112,121],"MON":[63,163],"repeated":[67],"make-and-break":[68],"links,":[71],"which":[72,180,216,229,258],"again":[73],"nodes":[80],"as":[81],"they":[82],"encounter":[83],"drift":[85],"away":[86],"from":[87],"each":[88],"other.":[89],"MONs":[90],"simply":[92],"be":[93],"formed":[94],"humans":[96],"carrying":[97],"hand-held":[98],"devices":[99,110],"(like":[100],"Personal":[101],"Digital":[102],"Assistant":[103],"[PDAs]":[104],"or":[105,108],"cell":[106],"phones)":[107],"on-board":[109],"installed":[111],"vehicles.":[113],"with":[115,136,164],"playing":[117],"major":[119,202],"role":[120],"performance":[123,161,192,243],"researchers":[126,150],"have":[127,151,181,217,230],"repeatedly":[128],"tried":[129],"to":[130,138,166,184,220],"understand":[131],"nature":[133,147],"respect":[137,165],"humans,":[139],"vehicles,":[140],"wild":[142],"animals.":[143],"To":[144],"study":[145,224,237],"mobility,":[149],"collected":[152,232],"traces,":[154],"proposed":[155,183],"models,":[157],"analyzed":[159],"various":[167,226],"parameters.":[169],"This":[170],"article":[171,199],"provides":[172],"detailed":[174,208],"survey":[175,209],"different":[177],"models":[179,215],"date":[185],"how":[187,238],"determines":[190],"opportunistic":[194],"routing.":[195],"We":[196],"divide":[197],"into":[200],"four":[201],"sections.":[203],"First,":[204],"we":[205,223,236,247],"provide":[206],"all":[211],"synthetic":[213],"developed":[219],"date.":[221],"Second,":[222],"traces":[228],"analyzed.":[234],"Third,":[235],"parameters":[240],"affect":[241],"MON.":[245],"Finally,":[246],"highlight":[248],"some":[250],"research":[253],"areas":[254],"open":[256],"challenges":[257],"yet":[259],"remain":[260],"unsolved.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
