{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2039473801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2014.2371828","title":"Bio-Inspired Routing Algorithms Survey for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks","display_name":"Bio-Inspired Routing Algorithms Survey for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2039473801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2014.2371828","mag":"2039473801"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2014.2371828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2014.2371828","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048857332","display_name":"Salim Bitam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5618-4126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206961696","display_name":"University of Biskra","ror":"https://ror.org/05fr5y859","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206961696"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Salim Bitam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory LESIA, Department of Computer Science, University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria","Department of Computer Science, University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory LESIA, Department of Computer Science, University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206961696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206961696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103756194","display_name":"Abdelhamid Mellouk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800365227","display_name":"Paris-Est Sup","ror":"https://ror.org/0268ecp52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800365227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197681013","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil","ror":"https://ror.org/05ggc9x40","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197681013"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelhamid Mellouk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image, Signal and Intelligent Systems Laboratory\u2014LISSI/TincNet Team, Department of Networks and Telecoms, IUT Creteil-Vitry, University of Paris-Est-UPEC, Vitry-sur-Seine, France","[Dept. of Networks & Telecoms, Univ. of Paris-Est-UPEC, Vitry-sur-Seine, France]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image, Signal and Intelligent Systems Laboratory\u2014LISSI/TincNet Team, Department of Networks and Telecoms, IUT Creteil-Vitry, University of Paris-Est-UPEC, Vitry-sur-Seine, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800365227","https://openalex.org/I197681013"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Networks & Telecoms, Univ. of Paris-Est-UPEC, Vitry-sur-Seine, France]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800365227","https://openalex.org/I197681013"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108093247","display_name":"Sherali Zeadally","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sherali Zeadally","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communication and Information, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","(College of Communication and Information, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communication and Information, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(College of Communication and Information, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048857332"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206961696"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.652,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":155,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96446564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"843","last_page":"867"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7639563083648682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.698406994342804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6576799154281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5955439805984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5683217644691467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.5660712122917175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5281241536140442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.5210204124450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5078251957893372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.48728883266448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4749736189842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-communication-systems","display_name":"Vehicular communication systems","score":0.4536038637161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3647214472293854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2095108926296234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.17980295419692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.1671678125858307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.145023912191391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1140671968460083}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7639563083648682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.698406994342804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6576799154281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5955439805984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5683217644691467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.5660712122917175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5281241536140442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.5210204124450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5078251957893372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.48728883266448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4749736189842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30095986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1035238","display_name":"Vehicular communication systems","level":5,"score":0.4536038637161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3647214472293854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2095108926296234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.17980295419692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.1671678125858307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.145023912191391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1140671968460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/comst.2014.2371828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2014.2371828","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23688054","display_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","issn_l":"1553-877X","issn":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":141,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16088600","https://openalex.org/W35421820","https://openalex.org/W108767109","https://openalex.org/W143010625","https://openalex.org/W880742805","https://openalex.org/W1492640216","https://openalex.org/W1512383952","https://openalex.org/W1531543667","https://openalex.org/W1540706608","https://openalex.org/W1549535141","https://openalex.org/W1559956479","https://openalex.org/W1572481965","https://openalex.org/W1574503499","https://openalex.org/W1576660662","https://openalex.org/W1576818901","https://openalex.org/W1577986736","https://openalex.org/W1578123890","https://openalex.org/W1613273921","https://openalex.org/W1940427567","https://openalex.org/W1966479357","https://openalex.org/W1974895475","https://openalex.org/W1975113431","https://openalex.org/W1976279827","https://openalex.org/W1976769822","https://openalex.org/W1978662112","https://openalex.org/W1981197474","https://openalex.org/W1981869168","https://openalex.org/W1987075519","https://openalex.org/W1990477735","https://openalex.org/W2000548713","https://openalex.org/W2000582722","https://openalex.org/W2001421218","https://openalex.org/W2002508561","https://openalex.org/W2008115510","https://openalex.org/W2013613544","https://openalex.org/W2023835067","https://openalex.org/W2028597523","https://openalex.org/W2032429259","https://openalex.org/W2036824293","https://openalex.org/W2039793587","https://openalex.org/W2042588725","https://openalex.org/W2043508517","https://openalex.org/W2044690472","https://openalex.org/W2045774966","https://openalex.org/W2051848379","https://openalex.org/W2053694592","https://openalex.org/W2054650221","https://openalex.org/W2055611983","https://openalex.org/W2055923829","https://openalex.org/W2056887037","https://openalex.org/W2062396676","https://openalex.org/W2065769502","https://openalex.org/W2067747711","https://openalex.org/W2070207525","https://openalex.org/W2070488564","https://openalex.org/W2073228091","https://openalex.org/W2074759798","https://openalex.org/W2078387312","https://openalex.org/W2079778357","https://openalex.org/W2082340690","https://openalex.org/W2083550777","https://openalex.org/W2086148795","https://openalex.org/W2090321073","https://openalex.org/W2090829771","https://openalex.org/W2093109628","https://openalex.org/W2093498795","https://openalex.org/W2097740094","https://openalex.org/W2098383850","https://openalex.org/W2098434736","https://openalex.org/W2099050884","https://openalex.org/W2100137329","https://openalex.org/W2100675899","https://openalex.org/W2100707489","https://openalex.org/W2101963262","https://openalex.org/W2102258543","https://openalex.org/W2104557663","https://openalex.org/W2106288500","https://openalex.org/W2107846430","https://openalex.org/W2107941094","https://openalex.org/W2108617448","https://openalex.org/W2110782357","https://openalex.org/W2115506164","https://openalex.org/W2122010732","https://openalex.org/W2122433743","https://openalex.org/W2122685565","https://openalex.org/W2123463338","https://openalex.org/W2124651399","https://openalex.org/W2127234413","https://openalex.org/W2128084896","https://openalex.org/W2130915832","https://openalex.org/W2132661941","https://openalex.org/W2134160979","https://openalex.org/W2135861925","https://openalex.org/W2136940063","https://openalex.org/W2139041219","https://openalex.org/W2140150212","https://openalex.org/W2144603454","https://openalex.org/W2146243164","https://openalex.org/W2148431223","https://openalex.org/W2149660368","https://openalex.org/W2150063845","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2153897821","https://openalex.org/W2156626839","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2163472024","https://openalex.org/W2167238904","https://openalex.org/W2167364059","https://openalex.org/W2170239483","https://openalex.org/W2172008205","https://openalex.org/W2414365832","https://openalex.org/W2484220588","https://openalex.org/W2620779778","https://openalex.org/W2904250082","https://openalex.org/W2912565176","https://openalex.org/W2979072257","https://openalex.org/W2992284830","https://openalex.org/W2996256129","https://openalex.org/W3103071483","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4211017114","https://openalex.org/W4230674625","https://openalex.org/W4235164947","https://openalex.org/W4237640996","https://openalex.org/W4246565613","https://openalex.org/W4250503569","https://openalex.org/W4298842909","https://openalex.org/W4300557811","https://openalex.org/W6601412165","https://openalex.org/W6604377400","https://openalex.org/W6605820549","https://openalex.org/W6631821895","https://openalex.org/W6650655300","https://openalex.org/W6670145269","https://openalex.org/W6674973867","https://openalex.org/W6675081861","https://openalex.org/W6675391825","https://openalex.org/W6680902618","https://openalex.org/W6680905872","https://openalex.org/W6739126013","https://openalex.org/W6771189081"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027636740","https://openalex.org/W2062688728","https://openalex.org/W2061231656","https://openalex.org/W2771454953","https://openalex.org/W3046762796","https://openalex.org/W3202102306","https://openalex.org/W2802293874","https://openalex.org/W2774344263","https://openalex.org/W4312661457","https://openalex.org/W2070120713"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vehicular":[0],"Ad":[1],"hoc":[2],"NETworks":[3],"(VANETs)":[4],"play":[5],"a":[6,158],"key":[7,140],"role":[8],"in":[9,120,177],"the":[10,36,46,68,132,139,163],"design":[11],"and":[12,25,31,48,80,143,148],"development":[13],"of":[14,35,40,43,51,95,145,162],"Intelligent":[15],"Transportation":[16],"Systems":[17],"(ITS)":[18],"that":[19,56,76],"aim":[20],"to":[21,59,63,97,114,168],"improve":[22,64],"road":[23,65],"safety":[24,81],"transportation":[26],"productivity.":[27],"VANETs":[28,75],"cover":[29],"vehicle-to-vehicle":[30],"vehicle-to-roadside":[32],"communications.":[33],"One":[34],"most":[37],"important":[38],"challenges":[39],"this":[41,178],"type":[42],"network":[44],"is":[45],"timely":[47],"reliable":[49],"dissemination":[50],"messages":[52],"among":[53,117],"vehicular":[54,118],"nodes":[55,119],"enable":[57],"drivers":[58],"take":[60],"appropriate":[61],"decisions":[62],"safety.":[66],"In":[67,135],"past":[69],"decade,":[70],"many":[71],"routing":[72,101,129],"protocols":[73,87],"for":[74,131],"can":[77],"support":[78],"reliability":[79],"requirements":[82],"have":[83,111],"been":[84,112],"proposed.":[85],"These":[86],"suffer":[88],"from":[89],"several":[90],"limitations,":[91,107],"including":[92],"complexity,":[93],"lack":[94],"scalability":[96],"large":[98],"scale":[99],"networks,":[100],"overheads,":[102],"etc.":[103],"To":[104],"address":[105],"these":[106,146],"various":[108,153],"bio-inspired":[109,128,164],"approaches":[110,166],"proposed":[113,127],"route":[115],"packets":[116],"an":[121],"optimized":[122],"manner.":[123],"We":[124,171],"survey":[125],"recent":[126],"algorithms":[130,147],"VANET":[133,169],"environment.":[134],"particular,":[136],"we":[137,156],"identify":[138],"features,":[141],"strengths,":[142],"weaknesses":[144],"compare":[149],"them":[150],"by":[151],"using":[152],"criteria.":[154],"Moreover,":[155],"propose":[157],"unified":[159],"formal":[160],"model":[161],"multimodular":[165],"applied":[167],"routing.":[170],"highlight":[172],"main":[173],"future":[174],"research":[175],"directions":[176],"area.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}