{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134958533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets67989.2026.11418210","title":"A Causal Inference Approach to Optimising Internet Peering Attractiveness","display_name":"A Causal Inference Approach to Optimising Internet Peering Attractiveness","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134958533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets67989.2026.11418210"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/comsnets67989.2026.11418210","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets67989.2026.11418210","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 18th International Conference on COMmunication Systems and NETworks (COMSNETS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114487400","display_name":"Martin Thodi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martin Thodi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cape Town,Department of Computer Science,Cape Town,South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town,Department of Computer Science,Cape Town,South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005493933","display_name":"Amreesh Phokeer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3154-9536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193374721","display_name":"Internet Society","ror":"https://ror.org/04dzfqx38","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193374721"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amreesh Phokeer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internet Society,Mauritius"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internet Society,Mauritius","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193374721"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057965003","display_name":"Josiah Chavula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6774-7526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josiah Chavula","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cape Town,Department of Computer Science,Cape Town,South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town,Department of Computer Science,Cape Town,South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114487400"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87735692,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"42","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.3481000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.3481000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.1388999968767166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peering","display_name":"Peering","score":0.679099977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.6007000207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attractiveness","display_name":"Attractiveness","score":0.4700999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-inference","display_name":"Causal inference","score":0.46939998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4343000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-model","display_name":"Causal model","score":0.3853999972343445}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95981142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q772532","display_name":"Peering","level":3,"score":0.679099977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.6007000207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.588100016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31173074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632514","display_name":"Attractiveness","level":2,"score":0.4700999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158600405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054566","display_name":"Causal inference","level":2,"score":0.46939998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4343000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11671645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054567","display_name":"Causal model","level":2,"score":0.3853999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3849000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2678000032901764}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/comsnets67989.2026.11418210","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets67989.2026.11418210","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 18th International Conference on COMmunication Systems and NETworks (COMSNETS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975506421","https://openalex.org/W2004178188","https://openalex.org/W2044744030","https://openalex.org/W2048937043","https://openalex.org/W2076348737","https://openalex.org/W2083775496","https://openalex.org/W2528595985","https://openalex.org/W2624816748","https://openalex.org/W3185937689","https://openalex.org/W3187145766","https://openalex.org/W3208188076","https://openalex.org/W4281924170","https://openalex.org/W4282933051","https://openalex.org/W4290973550","https://openalex.org/W4400689542","https://openalex.org/W4405935913"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"Systems":[1],"(ASes)":[2],"rely":[3],"on":[4,30,39,88,200],"interconnection":[5,162],"agreements":[6],"to":[7,59,73,167],"exchange":[8],"traffic":[9],"and":[10,23,32,114,128,170,196],"ensure":[11],"global":[12],"Internet":[13,84],"connectivity.":[14],"Establishing":[15],"mutually":[16],"beneficial":[17],"peering":[18,65,91,155,202],"relationships":[19],"offers":[20],"significant":[21,139],"cost":[22],"performance":[24],"advantages,":[25],"yet":[26,146],"requires":[27],"agreement":[28],"based":[29],"compatibility":[31],"perceived":[33],"value.":[34],"While":[35],"existing":[36],"research":[37],"focuses":[38],"how":[40,50,189],"ASes":[41],"select":[42],"potential":[43],"peers,":[44],"the":[45,78,94,134],"complementary":[46],"question":[47],"remains":[48],"unaddressed:":[49],"can":[51,191],"an":[52,89,131,151],"AS":[53],"strategically":[54],"modify":[55],"its":[56,61],"own":[57],"infrastructure":[58,81,107],"maximize":[60],"attractiveness":[62],"as":[63],"a":[64,69,184],"partner?":[66],"We":[67,179],"present":[68],"causal":[70],"inference":[71],"framework":[72],"answer":[74],"this":[75],"question,":[76],"estimating":[77],"impact":[79],"of":[80],"investments":[82],"at":[83],"Exchange":[85],"Points":[86],"(IXPs)":[87],"AS\u2019s":[90],"desirability.":[92],"Using":[93],"T-learner":[95],"meta-algorithm":[96],"with":[97,138],"publicly":[98],"available":[99],"data,":[100],"we":[101],"quantify":[102],"treatment":[103,123],"effects":[104,124],"for":[105],"three":[106],"decisions:":[108],"joining":[109],"IXPs,":[110],"upgrading":[111],"port":[112,142],"capacities,":[113],"leaving":[115],"IXPs.":[116],"Our":[117],"analysis":[118],"reveals":[119],"substantial":[120],"heterogeneity":[121],"in":[122],"across":[125],"network":[126,168],"types":[127],"contexts.":[129],"Joining":[130],"IXP":[132,152,172],"yields":[133],"highest":[135],"returns":[136],"but":[137],"variability,":[140],"while":[141],"upgrades":[143],"provide":[144],"smaller":[145],"more":[147],"consistent":[148],"benefits.":[149],"Leaving":[150],"uniformly":[153],"degrades":[154],"prospects.":[156],"These":[157],"findings":[158],"demonstrate":[159,180],"that":[160,187],"effective":[161],"strategies":[163],"must":[164],"be":[165],"personalized":[166],"characteristics":[169],"local":[171],"environments":[173],"rather":[174],"than":[175],"following":[176],"one-size-fits-all":[177],"recommendations.":[178],"practical":[181],"applicability":[182],"through":[183],"case":[185],"study":[186],"shows":[188],"operators":[190],"evaluate":[192],"specific":[193],"investment":[194],"decisions":[195],"predict":[197],"their":[198],"impacts":[199],"individual":[201],"relationships.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T14:20:09.374765","created_date":"2026-03-12T00:00:00"}