{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391889616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets59351.2024.10427314","title":"Twin Field QKD with 3-Pulse Differential Phase Encoding","display_name":"Twin Field QKD with 3-Pulse Differential Phase Encoding","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391889616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets59351.2024.10427314"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/comsnets59351.2024.10427314","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets59351.2024.10427314","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 16th International Conference on COMmunication Systems & NETworkS (COMSNETS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101305866","display_name":"Nilesh Sharma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nilesh Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Madras,India,600036"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Madras,India,600036","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104244976","display_name":"Valliamai Ramanathan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valliamai Ramanathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Madras,India,600036"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Madras,India,600036","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051719924","display_name":"Prabha Mandayam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1774-3527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prabha Mandayam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Dept. of Physics,Madras,India,600036"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Dept. of Physics,Madras,India,600036","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059634535","display_name":"Anil Prabhakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0808-3157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anil Prabhakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Madras,India,600036"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Madras,India,600036","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101305866"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6659,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66567013,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1052","last_page":"1057"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9505000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.9271000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.7027813196182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.5122169852256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-coding","display_name":"Differential coding","score":0.4988059997558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4892101287841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.4476633071899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","score":0.44520115852355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.43171122670173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3309292495250702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3049416244029999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.2550962269306183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2359735369682312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14626088738441467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10528728365898132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08064132928848267}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.7027813196182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.5122169852256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79880414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275338","display_name":"Differential coding","level":3,"score":0.4988059997558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4892101287841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.4476633071899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.44520115852355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43171122670173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3309292495250702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3049416244029999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.2550962269306183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2359735369682312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14626088738441467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10528728365898132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08064132928848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/comsnets59351.2024.10427314","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets59351.2024.10427314","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 16th International Conference on COMmunication Systems & NETworkS (COMSNETS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325255","display_name":"Ministry of Electronics and Information technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986248614","https://openalex.org/W2011682372","https://openalex.org/W2015179126","https://openalex.org/W2015279807","https://openalex.org/W2020272675","https://openalex.org/W2047463679","https://openalex.org/W2051750889","https://openalex.org/W2056393659","https://openalex.org/W2071764857","https://openalex.org/W2078378915","https://openalex.org/W2079603077","https://openalex.org/W2100257068","https://openalex.org/W2136747138","https://openalex.org/W2273682834","https://openalex.org/W2799278992","https://openalex.org/W2803691034","https://openalex.org/W2945888102","https://openalex.org/W2949704604","https://openalex.org/W2950128488","https://openalex.org/W2963576097","https://openalex.org/W2963898955","https://openalex.org/W2966623503","https://openalex.org/W3106112951"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355022049","https://openalex.org/W2060429446","https://openalex.org/W2741782512","https://openalex.org/W3011302839","https://openalex.org/W2392958391","https://openalex.org/W2912468976","https://openalex.org/W2168420112","https://openalex.org/W2372113688","https://openalex.org/W1989844622","https://openalex.org/W2786588435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Twin":[0],"field":[1,32],"quantum":[2],"key":[3,19,34,41,125,157],"distribution":[4],"(TF-QKD)":[5],"has":[6,94],"attracted":[7],"the":[8,11,27,38,47,76,79,100,123,131,141,150,154,160],"attention":[9],"of":[10,26,67,78,113,149,159],"research":[12],"community":[13],"thanks":[14],"to":[15,51,103,166],"its":[16],"higher":[17,164],"secure":[18,33,40,124,156],"rate":[20,35,42,158],"which":[21],"scales":[22],"as":[23],"square":[24],"root":[25],"channel":[28,53,151],"transmittance.":[29],"The":[30],"twin":[31],"thus":[36],"crosses":[37],"repeaterless":[39],"distance":[43],"bound,":[44],"showing":[45],"that":[46,93,129],"protocol":[48,61,82,117],"can":[49],"cater":[50],"large":[52],"lengths.":[54],"Here,":[55],"we":[56],"present":[57],"a":[58,95],"twin-field-like":[59],"QKD":[60,91,162],"based":[62,105],"on":[63,106],"single":[64,107],"photon":[65,108],"interference":[66],"differential":[68],"phase":[69],"shift":[70],"(DPS)":[71],"encoded":[72],"states":[73],"and":[74,98,121,137],"prove":[75],"security":[77,112],"scheme.":[80],"Our":[81],"builds":[83],"upon":[84],"an":[85],"existing":[86],"measurement":[87],"device":[88],"independent":[89],"(MDI)":[90],"system":[92],"DPS":[96,142],"encoding":[97,143],"modifies":[99],"sifting":[101],"step":[102],"one":[104],"interference.":[109],"We":[110,127],"demonstrate":[111],"our":[114],"DPS-twin-field":[115],"(DPS-TF)":[116],"against":[118],"collective":[119],"attacks":[120],"quantify":[122],"rate.":[126],"find":[128],"with":[130,140],"current":[132],"state-of-the-art":[133],"technology,":[134],"both":[135],"TF-QKD":[136],"MDI-QKD":[138],"protocols":[139],"work":[144],"almost":[145],"identically":[146],"in":[147],"terms":[148],"length,":[152],"although":[153],"achievable":[155],"DPS-TF":[161],"is":[163],"compared":[165],"MDI-QKD.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}