{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011629050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets48256.2020.9027333","title":"Self-Powered Cardiac Pacemaker: The Viability of a Piezoelectric Energy Harvester","display_name":"Self-Powered Cardiac Pacemaker: The Viability of a Piezoelectric Energy Harvester","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011629050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets48256.2020.9027333","mag":"3011629050"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/comsnets48256.2020.9027333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets48256.2020.9027333","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 International Conference on COMmunication Systems & NETworkS (COMSNETS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076718420","display_name":"Sanjana Gururaj","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124975","display_name":"Bangalore Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02qx4d724","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124975"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876098953","display_name":"Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05qmk4a18","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I286135121","https://openalex.org/I876098953"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sanjana Gururaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["B.M.S. College of Engineering,Department of Medical Electronics,Bangalore,India","Department of Medical Electronics, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"B.M.S. College of Engineering,Department of Medical Electronics,Bangalore,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876098953","https://openalex.org/I4210124975"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Electronics, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043584204","display_name":"Alexis P. Applequist","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1234-0550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexis Applequist","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Arkansas,Department of Biomedical Engineering,Fayetteville,USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arkansas,Department of Biomedical Engineering,Fayetteville,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028003825","display_name":"Sujata Bhattarai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102834121","display_name":"Purbanchal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0353fsq42","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102834121"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sujata Bhattarai","raw_affiliation_strings":["CBEAS, Purbanchal University,Department of Engineering,Kathmandu,Nepal","Department of Engineering, CBEAS, Purbanchal University, Kathmandu, Nepal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CBEAS, Purbanchal University,Department of Engineering,Kathmandu,Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102834121"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, CBEAS, Purbanchal University, Kathmandu, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102834121"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043779491","display_name":"Abhishek Appaji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1978-6037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876098953","display_name":"Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05qmk4a18","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I286135121","https://openalex.org/I876098953"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124975","display_name":"Bangalore Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02qx4d724","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124975"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhishek M. Appaji","raw_affiliation_strings":["B.M.S. College of Engineering,Department of Medical Electronics,Bangalore,India","Department of Medical Electronics, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"B.M.S. College of Engineering,Department of Medical Electronics,Bangalore,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876098953","https://openalex.org/I4210124975"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Electronics, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103894830","display_name":"Pooja Kadambi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162104","display_name":"Excelitas Technologies (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5ss468","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116532","https://openalex.org/I4210162104"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pooja Kadambi","raw_affiliation_strings":["InnAccel Technologies Pvt Ltd.,Bangalore,India","InnAccel Technologies Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InnAccel Technologies Pvt Ltd.,Bangalore,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162104"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"InnAccel Technologies Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076718420"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124975","https://openalex.org/I876098953"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6819,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6601439,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"70","last_page":"75"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bradycardia","display_name":"Bradycardia","score":0.7732730507850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.6070004105567932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-pacemaker","display_name":"Cardiac pacemaker","score":0.5940341353416443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tachycardia","display_name":"Tachycardia","score":0.5354189276695251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.4869867265224457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-capacity","display_name":"Battery capacity","score":0.4271411895751953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.42305225133895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.40892571210861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.15790900588035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure","display_name":"Blood pressure","score":0.14406710863113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.08075794577598572}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777495988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217111","display_name":"Bradycardia","level":4,"score":0.7732730507850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6070004105567932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778642235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3635544","display_name":"Cardiac pacemaker","level":2,"score":0.5940341353416443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780283014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209583","display_name":"Tachycardia","level":2,"score":0.5354189276695251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.4869867265224457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989104859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery capacity","level":4,"score":0.4271411895751953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.42305225133895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.40892571210861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.15790900588035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.14406710863113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.08075794577598572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/comsnets48256.2020.9027333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets48256.2020.9027333","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 International Conference on COMmunication Systems & NETworkS (COMSNETS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"mag:3086029568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=202002278575057808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306512817","display_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38028160","https://openalex.org/W242257389","https://openalex.org/W564857254","https://openalex.org/W1968395095","https://openalex.org/W1982256956","https://openalex.org/W1992880616","https://openalex.org/W2008875278","https://openalex.org/W2016150103","https://openalex.org/W2090439298","https://openalex.org/W2091964752","https://openalex.org/W2118088704","https://openalex.org/W2143472559","https://openalex.org/W2210031306","https://openalex.org/W2579007041","https://openalex.org/W2949374086","https://openalex.org/W6609301786","https://openalex.org/W6740992801","https://openalex.org/W6757581578","https://openalex.org/W6762623252"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2921599176","https://openalex.org/W2087220383","https://openalex.org/W2788226322","https://openalex.org/W4308964873","https://openalex.org/W2768611900","https://openalex.org/W2729780499","https://openalex.org/W2384016584","https://openalex.org/W2543699259","https://openalex.org/W1983017669","https://openalex.org/W3085364154"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Heart":[0],"failure":[1],"occurs":[2],"when":[3],"the":[4,9,29,97,104,134],"heart":[5],"does":[6],"not":[7],"pump":[8],"appropriate":[10],"amount":[11],"of":[12,103],"blood":[13],"which":[14],"causes":[15],"bradycardia":[16],"or":[17],"tachycardia.":[18],"To":[19],"treat":[20],"such":[21],"conditions":[22],"an":[23,68],"electrical":[24],"pacemaker":[25,98,127],"is":[26,86,112],"inserted":[27],"into":[28],"patient":[30,53],"surgically.":[31],"These":[32],"pacemakers":[33],"contain":[34],"batteries":[35],"that":[36,73],"must":[37],"be":[38],"replaced":[39],"every":[40],"seven":[41],"to":[42,66,77,95,115,123,136],"eight":[43],"years":[44],"[1].":[45],"Pacemaker":[46],"battery":[47,78],"replacement":[48,79],"surgeries":[49,75],"overall":[50],"increase":[51],"cost,":[52],"discomfort,":[54],"surgical":[55],"recovery":[56],"time,":[57],"and":[58,60,108],"intra-op":[59],"post-op":[61],"complications.":[62],"This":[63,85,132],"work":[64],"aims":[65],"design":[67],"affordable":[69],"pacemaker,":[70],"called":[71],"FlexPacer,":[72],"eliminates":[74],"due":[76],"in":[80,93,119,143],"patients":[81,142],"suffering":[82],"from":[83],"bradycardia.":[84],"done":[87],"by":[88],"incorporating":[89],"a":[90,125],"piezoelectric":[91],"crystal":[92],"order":[94],"recharge":[96],"capacitor":[99],"with":[100],"each":[101],"beat":[102],"heart.":[105],"Experimental":[106],"outcomes":[107,138],"analysis":[109],"show":[110],"it":[111],"theoretically":[113],"possible":[114],"harness":[116],"enough":[117],"energy":[118],"under":[120],"two":[121],"months":[122],"sustain":[124],"rechargeable":[126],"for":[128,139],"over":[129],"20":[130],"years.":[131],"has":[133],"potential":[135],"improve":[137],"40,000-":[140],"50,000":[141],"India":[144],"annually.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}