{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2309862273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets.2016.7440015","title":"Three challenges in cyber-physical systems","display_name":"Three challenges in cyber-physical systems","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2309862273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets.2016.7440015","mag":"2309862273"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/comsnets.2016.7440015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets.2016.7440015","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 8th International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009445756","display_name":"Rahul Mangharam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3388-8283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rahul Mangharam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021880681","display_name":"Houssam Abbas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8096-2618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Houssam Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037993931","display_name":"Madhur Behl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5921-0331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madhur Behl","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057770628","display_name":"Kuk Jin Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3134-3220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuk Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086742584","display_name":"Miroslav Paji\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5357-0117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miroslav Pajic","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053473939","display_name":"Zhihao Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6730-6915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihao Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009445756"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2073,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86580779,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.6818488240242004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6638251543045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5351724624633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5314651131629944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.49396592378616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.44654375314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.43565133213996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.43193304538726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4175727367401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.36543989181518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14635074138641357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1290183663368225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.6818488240242004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6638251543045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5351724624633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5314651131629944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.49396592378616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.44654375314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.43565133213996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.43193304538726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4175727367401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.36543989181518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14635074138641357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1290183663368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/comsnets.2016.7440015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets.2016.7440015","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 8th International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506553688","https://openalex.org/W1537521045","https://openalex.org/W1548414273","https://openalex.org/W1571270892","https://openalex.org/W1651994206","https://openalex.org/W1717223777","https://openalex.org/W1892497168","https://openalex.org/W1962072139","https://openalex.org/W1975180976","https://openalex.org/W1982413390","https://openalex.org/W1994999406","https://openalex.org/W1995146104","https://openalex.org/W2000947342","https://openalex.org/W2006392151","https://openalex.org/W2025057657","https://openalex.org/W2028652935","https://openalex.org/W2029841165","https://openalex.org/W2052334067","https://openalex.org/W2077526341","https://openalex.org/W2081324807","https://openalex.org/W2084985828","https://openalex.org/W2094556468","https://openalex.org/W2096290838","https://openalex.org/W2101185304","https://openalex.org/W2101508170","https://openalex.org/W2105489690","https://openalex.org/W2108152153","https://openalex.org/W2117207903","https://openalex.org/W2121960799","https://openalex.org/W2122397691","https://openalex.org/W2128027218","https://openalex.org/W2128488783","https://openalex.org/W2147741811","https://openalex.org/W2152520525","https://openalex.org/W2153784889","https://openalex.org/W2163304527","https://openalex.org/W2164988150","https://openalex.org/W2261159850","https://openalex.org/W2276243634","https://openalex.org/W2289263734","https://openalex.org/W2566546937","https://openalex.org/W6637131938","https://openalex.org/W6651670796","https://openalex.org/W6670090924","https://openalex.org/W6671252752","https://openalex.org/W6678352539"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3004173571","https://openalex.org/W2546638913","https://openalex.org/W2209816623","https://openalex.org/W2348909947","https://openalex.org/W2968885840","https://openalex.org/W4292672442","https://openalex.org/W2008822734","https://openalex.org/W3135700974","https://openalex.org/W4313307484","https://openalex.org/W2086962923"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"tight":[1],"coupling":[2],"of":[3,14,27,44,50,58,76,110,189,205],"computation,":[4],"communication":[5],"and":[6,33,46,62,74,88,124,147,177,199,208],"control":[7,79,104,184,201],"with":[8],"physical":[9],"systems":[10,63,185],"such":[11,68],"as":[12],"actuation":[13],"closed-loop":[15,183],"medical":[16,99],"devices":[17],"within":[18],"the":[19,56,93,117,120,135,203],"human":[20,61],"body,":[21],"peak":[22],"power":[23],"minimization":[24],"by":[25,38],"coordination":[26],"controllers":[28],"across":[29],"large":[30],"industrial":[31],"plants,":[32],"fast":[34,164],"life-critical":[35],"decision":[36],"making":[37],"autonomous":[39,98],"vehicles,":[40],"present":[41],"a":[42,108,187],"set":[43],"fundamental":[45],"unique":[47],"challenges.":[48],"Each":[49],"these":[51],"require":[52,71],"new":[53],"approaches":[54],"at":[55,163],"intersection":[57],"multiple":[59],"scientific,":[60],"disciplines.":[64],"We":[65,91],"discuss":[66],"five":[67],"challenges":[69],"which":[70],"creative":[72],"insights":[73],"application":[75],"model-based":[77],"design,":[78],"systems,":[80],"scheduling":[81],"theory,":[82],"formal":[83],"methods,":[84],"statistical":[85],"machine":[86],"learning":[87],"domain-specific":[89],"experimentation.":[90],"ask":[92],"following":[94],"questions:":[95],"(1)":[96],"An":[97],"device":[100,121],"is":[101],"implanted":[102],"to":[103,157],"your":[105],"heart":[106],"over":[107,142,186],"period":[109],"5-7":[111],"years.":[112],"How":[113,153],"do":[114],"you":[115],"guarantee":[116],"software":[118],"in":[119,134,160,202],"provides":[122],"safe":[123],"effective":[125],"treatment":[126],"under":[127],"all":[128],"physiological":[129],"conditions?":[130],"(2)":[131],"Electricity":[132],"prices":[133,146,162],"US":[136],"have":[137],"summer":[138],"peaks":[139,149],"that":[140,150],"are":[141,151],"32\u00d7":[143],"their":[144],"average":[145],"winter":[148],"86\u00d7.":[152],"can":[154,180,194],"buildings":[155],"respond":[156],"massive":[158],"swings":[159],"energy":[161],"time":[165],"scales?":[166],"(3)":[167],"While":[168],"wireless":[169,190],"has":[170],"been":[171],"successfully":[172],"used":[173],"for":[174],"open-loop":[175],"monitoring":[176],"tracking,":[178],"how":[179,193],"we":[181,195],"operate":[182],"network":[188],"controllers.":[191],"Furthermore,":[192],"ensure":[196],"robust,":[197],"optimal":[198],"secure":[200],"presence":[204],"node/link":[206],"failures":[207],"topology":[209],"changes?":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
