{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312328830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/compeng50184.2022.9905438","title":"A Machine Learning Based Model for Monitoring of Composites\u2019 Drilling-Induced Defects During Assembly Production Using Terahertz Imaging Data","display_name":"A Machine Learning Based Model for Monitoring of Composites\u2019 Drilling-Induced Defects During Assembly Production Using Terahertz Imaging Data","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312328830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/compeng50184.2022.9905438"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/compeng50184.2022.9905438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/compeng50184.2022.9905438","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Workshop on Complexity in Engineering (COMPENG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/26904/1/FullText.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033291080","display_name":"Amin Amini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5744-9410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","display_name":"University of Lancashire","ror":"https://ror.org/010jbqd54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amin Amini","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Central Lancashire,Preston,Lancashire,United Kingdom","University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Central Lancashire,Preston,Lancashire,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008177959","display_name":"Tat\u2010Hean Gan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5598-8453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tat-Hean Gan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brunel University London,Brunel Innovation Centre,Uxbridge,United Kingdom","Brunel Innovation Centre, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brunel University London,Brunel Innovation Centre,Uxbridge,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brunel Innovation Centre, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0505,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7179464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10732","display_name":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10188","display_name":"Advanced machining processes and optimization","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delamination","display_name":"Delamination (geology)","score":0.6756584048271179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace","display_name":"Aerospace","score":0.6750819683074951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nondestructive-testing","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","score":0.6647681593894958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machining","display_name":"Machining","score":0.6244393587112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.483878493309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drill","display_name":"Drill","score":0.48063579201698303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specific-strength","display_name":"Specific strength","score":0.4642530083656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-number","display_name":"Composite number","score":0.44501861929893494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4295962154865265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.4234344959259033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.3931911587715149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.34894299507141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20193785429000854}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30239060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5253111","display_name":"Delamination (geology)","level":4,"score":0.6756584048271179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167740415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2876213","display_name":"Aerospace","level":2,"score":0.6750819683074951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56529433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626700","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","level":2,"score":0.6647681593894958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523214423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192047","display_name":"Machining","level":2,"score":0.6244393587112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.483878493309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173736775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58964","display_name":"Drill","level":2,"score":0.48063579201698303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33759916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903814","display_name":"Specific strength","level":3,"score":0.4642530083656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.44501861929893494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4295962154865265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.4234344959259033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3931911587715149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.34894299507141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20193785429000854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58097730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176318","display_name":"Subduction","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77928131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193343","display_name":"Tectonics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/compeng50184.2022.9905438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/compeng50184.2022.9905438","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Workshop on Complexity in Engineering (COMPENG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:clok.uclan.ac.uk:44406","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7081-2440>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402361","display_name":"CLOK (University of Central Lancashire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","host_organization_name":"University of Lancashire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bura.brunel.ac.uk:2438/26904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/26904","pdf_url":"http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/26904/1/FullText.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401473","display_name":"Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","host_organization_name":"Brunel University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Workshop on Complexity in Engineering (COMPENG)","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:clok.uclan.ac.uk:44289","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/44289/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402361","display_name":"CLOK (University of Central Lancashire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","host_organization_name":"University of Lancashire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:bura.brunel.ac.uk:2438/26904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/26904","pdf_url":"http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/26904/1/FullText.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401473","display_name":"Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","host_organization_name":"Brunel University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Workshop on Complexity in Engineering (COMPENG)","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312328830.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312328830.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W83593200","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1987513171","https://openalex.org/W1987524646","https://openalex.org/W2009247744","https://openalex.org/W2068344019","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2920311927","https://openalex.org/W3023192521","https://openalex.org/W3200363793","https://openalex.org/W6603379257","https://openalex.org/W6639102338"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2464227412","https://openalex.org/W104168991","https://openalex.org/W1973065976","https://openalex.org/W4245961044","https://openalex.org/W2946983245","https://openalex.org/W2477424353","https://openalex.org/W2000868330","https://openalex.org/W2141543570","https://openalex.org/W951354449","https://openalex.org/W2059019408"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,136,235],"composite":[1,26,117,154,184],"materials":[2,27,155],"are":[3,127],"becoming":[4],"more":[5],"popular":[6],"due":[7,72],"to":[8,73,132,149,168,176,188,217,239],"their":[9,74],"advantages":[10],"over":[11],"traditional":[12],"materials,":[13],"including":[14,38,85],"being":[15],"lightweight,":[16],"high":[17,20],"stiffness-to-density":[18],"and":[19,42,77,87,95,158,179,226,248],"strength-to-weight":[21],"ratios.":[22],"As":[23],"a":[24,69,102,111,191,193,241],"result,":[25],"have":[28,100,214,240],"been":[29,101,166,208],"widely":[30],"used":[31],"in":[32,114,153,183,245],"manufacturing":[33,62,157],"sector":[34],"for":[35,51,124,202],"various":[36,59],"industries":[37],"aerospace,":[39],"automotive,":[40],"marine":[41],"energy.":[43],"Nonetheless,":[44],"as":[45,250,252],"machining":[46],"of":[47,61,65,97,105,116,223,229,232],"composites":[48,67],"is":[49,68],"unavoidable":[50],"assembly":[52],"purposes,":[53],"defects":[54,152,182,205],"can":[55,90],"be":[56],"induced":[57],"at":[58],"stages":[60],"process.":[63],"Drilling":[64],"fiber-reinforced":[66],"complex":[70],"task":[71],"anisotropic,":[75],"inhomogeneous,":[76],"highly":[78],"abrasive":[79],"characteristics.":[80],"Defects":[81],"form":[82],"drilling":[83,233],"process":[84,169,231],"delamination":[86],"fiber":[88],"pull-out":[89],"significantly":[91],"affect":[92],"the":[93,120,170,181,215,219,224,227,254],"strength":[94],"performance":[96,247],"composites.":[98],"There":[99],"wide":[103],"variety":[104],"non-destructive":[106],"testing":[107,115],"(NDT)":[108],"methods":[109],"playing":[110],"major":[112],"role":[113],"materials.":[118],"However,":[119],"current":[121],"NDT":[122],"solutions":[123],"in-service":[125],"inspection":[126,134,221,230],"largely":[128],"complex,":[129],"which":[130],"leads":[131],"higher":[133],"costs.":[135],"proposed":[137],"solution":[138,212],"uses":[139],"artificial":[140],"intelligence":[141],"(AI)":[142],"based":[143,196],"algorithm":[144],"utilizing":[145],"Terahertz":[146,174],"imaging":[147],"data":[148,171],"detect":[150,178],"drilling-induced":[151],"during":[156],"assembly.":[159],"A":[160],"machine":[161],"learning":[162],"(ML)":[163],"model":[164,195],"has":[165,207],"developed":[167,236],"obtained":[172],"from":[173],"scanning":[175],"automatically":[177],"report":[180],"drillings.":[185],"In":[186],"order":[187],"achieve":[189],"such":[190],"system,":[192],"ML":[194],"on":[197],"Faster":[198],"R-CNN":[199],"neural":[200],"network":[201],"drill":[203],"holes\u2019":[204],"detection":[206],"developed.":[209],"This":[210],"automated":[211],"will":[213],"ability":[216],"reduce":[218],"manual":[220],"time":[222],"operator":[225],"costs":[228],"holes.":[234],"system":[237],"proved":[238],"statistically":[242],"significant":[243],"efficiency":[244],"both":[246],"speed":[249],"well":[251],"reducing":[253],"sub-quality":[255],"products.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}