{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2913947440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comnet.2018.8622294","title":"Survey on Physical Layer Security in Optical Wireless Communication Systems","display_name":"Survey on Physical Layer Security in Optical Wireless Communication Systems","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2913947440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comnet.2018.8622294","mag":"2913947440"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/comnet.2018.8622294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comnet.2018.8622294","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 Seventh International Conference on Communications and Networking (ComNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025760016","display_name":"Mohanad Obeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6774-255X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohanad Obeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058820577","display_name":"Anas M. Salhab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6777-0718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anas M. Salhab","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087004954","display_name":"Salam A. Zummo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8517-0724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salam A. Zummo","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025760016"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4763,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90112736,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.7527543306350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6901323795318604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6006852984428406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-wireless","display_name":"Optical wireless","score":0.5519466400146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5338019132614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-security","display_name":"Physical security","score":0.47436127066612244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.4705272912979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.44981035590171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.44344907999038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.418710857629776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16526168584823608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11598789691925049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.10237240791320801}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.7527543306350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6901323795318604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6006852984428406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781305180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098907","display_name":"Optical wireless","level":3,"score":0.5519466400146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5338019132614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776157020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851598","display_name":"Physical security","level":2,"score":0.47436127066612244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.4705272912979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.44981035590171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.44344907999038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.418710857629776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16526168584823608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11598789691925049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.10237240791320801}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/comnet.2018.8622294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comnet.2018.8622294","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 Seventh International Conference on Communications and Networking (ComNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/631745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/631745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505562276","https://openalex.org/W1509339036","https://openalex.org/W1541892958","https://openalex.org/W1970334960","https://openalex.org/W1974240071","https://openalex.org/W1982892759","https://openalex.org/W1986797098","https://openalex.org/W2010485796","https://openalex.org/W2032013577","https://openalex.org/W2043769961","https://openalex.org/W2093877440","https://openalex.org/W2128482304","https://openalex.org/W2130831359","https://openalex.org/W2136471217","https://openalex.org/W2161890372","https://openalex.org/W2171006634","https://openalex.org/W2253038843","https://openalex.org/W2269066968","https://openalex.org/W2286327191","https://openalex.org/W2336027789","https://openalex.org/W2399724898","https://openalex.org/W2512859977","https://openalex.org/W2518548564","https://openalex.org/W2518645331","https://openalex.org/W2521596749","https://openalex.org/W2558778358","https://openalex.org/W2562378549","https://openalex.org/W2585081255","https://openalex.org/W2589913228","https://openalex.org/W2598310917","https://openalex.org/W2613382796","https://openalex.org/W2619775665","https://openalex.org/W2726806793","https://openalex.org/W2727394020","https://openalex.org/W2734631259","https://openalex.org/W2737359631","https://openalex.org/W2741768474","https://openalex.org/W2768354392","https://openalex.org/W2770625920","https://openalex.org/W2778857521","https://openalex.org/W2782574058","https://openalex.org/W2783349065","https://openalex.org/W2786773638","https://openalex.org/W2794037323","https://openalex.org/W2795052155","https://openalex.org/W2799625658","https://openalex.org/W2801874663","https://openalex.org/W2804510986","https://openalex.org/W2805169815","https://openalex.org/W2807425737","https://openalex.org/W2808378275","https://openalex.org/W2883006528","https://openalex.org/W2888722196","https://openalex.org/W2891507875","https://openalex.org/W2962732834","https://openalex.org/W2962784427","https://openalex.org/W2963287128","https://openalex.org/W2964249268","https://openalex.org/W3014415887","https://openalex.org/W6691567994","https://openalex.org/W6739734017","https://openalex.org/W6753870879","https://openalex.org/W6755008605","https://openalex.org/W7024751382"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3118170786","https://openalex.org/W1528121109","https://openalex.org/W3009734089","https://openalex.org/W3113201564","https://openalex.org/W3127439791","https://openalex.org/W610026177","https://openalex.org/W2391465431","https://openalex.org/W4235581685","https://openalex.org/W2152231761","https://openalex.org/W2069556596"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,8,13,34,39,43,51,54,77,87,91,104,107,112,128,161,177,186,199],"existing":[2,152],"radio-frequency":[3],"(RF)":[4],"networks":[5,79,116,194],"cannot":[6],"meet":[7],"ever-increasing":[9],"data":[10,48],"rate":[11,49],"demand,":[12],"optical":[14,182],"wireless":[15],"communication":[16,68,125],"(OWC),":[17],"which":[18,175],"uses":[19],"a":[20,29],"wide":[21],"untapped":[22],"unregulated":[23],"spectrum,":[24],"has":[25],"been":[26],"proposed":[27],"as":[28,137],"promising":[30],"technology":[31],"to":[32,65,74,86,153,195],"overcome":[33],"RF":[35,75],"spectrum":[36],"limitations.":[37],"On":[38],"other":[40],"hand,":[41],"with":[42,62],"increasing":[44],"demand":[45],"for":[46],"high":[47],"and":[50,83,97,144,179,197],"prevalence":[52],"of":[53,90,106,172],"broadcast-nature":[55],"networks,":[56,76,174],"researchers":[57],"have":[58],"recently":[59],"come":[60],"up":[61],"new":[63],"mechanisms":[64],"improve":[66],"secure":[67,82],"using":[69],"physical":[70,165],"layer":[71,166],"techniques.":[72],"Compared":[73],"OWC":[78,115,173],"are":[80,176],"more":[81],"less":[84],"susceptible":[85],"interception":[88],"because":[89,98],"small":[92],"coverage":[93],"provided":[94],"by":[95,134],"LEDs,":[96],"they":[99],"work":[100,163],"properly":[101],"only":[102],"in":[103,114,122,138,169,192],"presence":[105],"line-of-sight":[108],"(LoS)":[109],"components.":[110],"However,":[111],"security":[113,167,200],"is":[117],"still":[118],"an":[119],"issue,":[120],"especially":[121],"visible":[123],"light":[124],"(VLC)":[126],"when":[127],"transmitted":[129],"information":[130],"can":[131],"be":[132,151],"accessed":[133],"multiple":[135],"users":[136],"public":[139],"areas,":[140],"meeting":[141],"rooms,":[142],"laboratories,":[143],"libraries.":[145],"That":[146],"means":[147],"potential":[148],"eavesdroppers":[149],"may":[150],"gather":[154],"confidential":[155],"messages.":[156],"This":[157],"paper":[158,187],"reviews":[159],"all":[160],"conducted":[162],"on":[164],"(PLS)":[168],"two":[170],"types":[171],"VLC":[178],"free":[180],"space":[181],"(FSO)":[183],"networks.":[184],"Furthermore,":[185],"proposes":[188],"several":[189],"open":[190],"problems":[191],"these":[193],"optimize":[196],"enhance":[198],"performance.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
