{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125946761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/commnet68224.2025.11288901","title":"Uncovering the Drivers of Global Educational Performance: A Machine Learning-Based Analysis of PISA Scores","display_name":"Uncovering the Drivers of Global Educational Performance: A Machine Learning-Based Analysis of PISA Scores","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125946761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/commnet68224.2025.11288901"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/commnet68224.2025.11288901","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/commnet68224.2025.11288901","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 8th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technologies and Networking (CommNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092558648","display_name":"Ilyas Tammouch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2752-4413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3121676899","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Ibn-Tofail","ror":"https://ror.org/02wj89n04","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3121676899"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ilyas Tammouch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ibn Tofail University,Laboratory of Telecommunications Systems and Decision Engineering, Faculty of Science,Kenitra,Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ibn Tofail University,Laboratory of Telecommunications Systems and Decision Engineering, Faculty of Science,Kenitra,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3121676899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092558649","display_name":"Abdelamine Elouafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5877-2997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3121676899","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Ibn-Tofail","ror":"https://ror.org/02wj89n04","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3121676899"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelamine Elouafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ibn Tofail University,Laboratory of Telecommunications Systems and Decision Engineering, Faculty of Science,Kenitra,Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ibn Tofail University,Laboratory of Telecommunications Systems and Decision Engineering, Faculty of Science,Kenitra,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3121676899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114358417","display_name":"Soumaya Nouna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5733-1631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145365","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Hassan 1er","ror":"https://ror.org/03cdvht47","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145365"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soumaya Nouna","raw_affiliation_strings":["LAMSAD Hassan First University of Settat, ENSA Berrechid,Department of Mathematics Sand Informatics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LAMSAD Hassan First University of Settat, ENSA Berrechid,Department of Mathematics Sand Informatics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145365"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114358418","display_name":"Assia Nouna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145365","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Hassan 1er","ror":"https://ror.org/03cdvht47","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145365"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Assia Nouna","raw_affiliation_strings":["LAMSAD Hassan First University of Settat, ENSA Berrechid,Department of Mathematics Sand Informatics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LAMSAD Hassan First University of Settat, ENSA Berrechid,Department of Mathematics Sand Informatics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145365"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043483073","display_name":"Ibtissam Essadik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3121676899","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Ibn-Tofail","ror":"https://ror.org/02wj89n04","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3121676899"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibtissam Essadik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ibn Tofail University,Laboratory of Telecommunications Systems and Decision Engineering, Faculty of Science,Kenitra,Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ibn Tofail University,Laboratory of Telecommunications Systems and Decision Engineering, Faculty of Science,Kenitra,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3121676899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093750131","display_name":"Imane Laassar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5949-6392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3121676899","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Ibn-Tofail","ror":"https://ror.org/02wj89n04","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3121676899"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imane Laassar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ibn Tofail University,Laboratory of Telecommunications Systems and Decision Engineering, Faculty of Science,Kenitra,Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ibn Tofail University,Laboratory of Telecommunications Systems and Decision Engineering, Faculty of Science,Kenitra,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3121676899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092558648"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3121676899"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74798755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.3783000111579895,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.3783000111579895,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.25209999084472656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.042399998754262924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6413000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5965999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5264000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attribution","display_name":"Attribution","score":0.45190000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inequality","display_name":"Inequality","score":0.4239000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.3456999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/achievement-test","display_name":"Achievement test","score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-achievement","display_name":"Student achievement","score":0.31940001249313354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6413000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5965999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5264000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4625000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.45570001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143299363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900584","display_name":"Attribution","level":2,"score":0.45190000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.4239000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36649999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3456999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81369262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6165531","display_name":"Achievement test","level":3,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986206625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18185","display_name":"Student achievement","level":3,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781206393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748419","display_name":"Academic achievement","level":2,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775876903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1203182","display_name":"Global South","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203151758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3244907","display_name":"Standardized test","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5395021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061410","display_name":"Program evaluation","level":2,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188231857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2585724","display_name":"Educational assessment","level":2,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76188268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783165","display_name":"Context effect","level":3,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/commnet68224.2025.11288901","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/commnet68224.2025.11288901","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 8th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technologies and Networking (CommNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.4667814075946808}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Programme":[1],"for":[2,12,177],"International":[3],"Student":[4],"Assessment":[5],"(PISA)":[6],"serves":[7],"as":[8,146],"a":[9],"global":[10,162],"benchmark":[11],"evaluating":[13],"the":[14,46,65,87,95,156,167],"academic":[15],"performance":[16,48],"of":[17,49,101,161,169],"15-year-old":[18],"students":[19],"across":[20],"mathematics,":[21],"reading,":[22],"and":[23,54,73,133,148,158,165,180],"science.":[24],"This":[25],"study":[26],"applies":[27],"interpretable":[28,174],"machine":[29,175],"learning":[30,176],"techniques":[31],"to":[32,42,103,140],"analyze":[33],"2,087":[34],"PISA":[35,58],"records":[36],"from":[37],"47":[38],"countries":[39,144],"spanning":[40],"2000":[41],"2018.":[43],"We":[44],"compare":[45],"predictive":[47],"three":[50],"models":[51],"XGBoost,":[52],"CatBoost,":[53],"Random":[55,74],"Forest":[56,75],"on":[57],"score":[59],"prediction.":[60],"Among":[61],"them,":[62],"XGBoost":[63,88],"achieved":[64],"lowest":[66],"test":[67],"RMSE":[68],"(7.60),":[69],"outperforming":[70],"CatBoost":[71],"(12.24)":[72],"(24.62).":[76],"To":[77],"ensure":[78],"interpretability,":[79],"we":[80],"used":[81],"SHAP":[82,106],"(SHapley":[83],"Additive":[84],"exPlanations)":[85],"with":[86,94,129,173],"model,":[89],"which":[90],"supports":[91],"efficient":[92],"integration":[93],"TreeExplainer":[96],"algorithm,":[97],"enabling":[98],"transparent":[99],"attribution":[100],"predictions":[102],"input":[104],"features.":[105],"analysis":[107],"reveals":[108],"that":[109],"country-level":[110],"context":[111],"overwhelmingly":[112],"shapes":[113],"educational":[114,163,178],"outcomes,":[115],"far":[116],"outweighing":[117],"subject":[118],"area,":[119],"gender,":[120],"or":[121],"year.":[122],"Visualizations":[123],"further":[124],"highlight":[125],"stark":[126],"cross-national":[127],"disparities,":[128],"nations":[130],"like":[131],"Singapore":[132],"Hong":[134],"Kong":[135],"contributing":[136],"over":[137],"45":[138],"points":[139],"student":[141],"performance,":[142],"while":[143],"such":[145],"Brazil":[147],"Mexico":[149],"exhibit":[150],"substantial":[151],"deficits.":[152],"These":[153],"insights":[154],"emphasize":[155],"persistent":[157],"systemic":[159],"nature":[160],"inequality":[164],"demonstrate":[166],"utility":[168],"combining":[170],"high-performance":[171],"prediction":[172],"research":[179],"policy-making.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-03T08:25:01.440150","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}
