{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125925653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/commnet68224.2025.11288897","title":"Detecting Key Indicators of Student Concentration in Mathematics Using TIMSS 2023 Data: An Explainable Machine Learning Approach","display_name":"Detecting Key Indicators of Student Concentration in Mathematics Using TIMSS 2023 Data: An Explainable Machine Learning Approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125925653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/commnet68224.2025.11288897"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/commnet68224.2025.11288897","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/commnet68224.2025.11288897","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 8th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technologies and Networking (CommNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092558649","display_name":"Abdelamine Elouafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5877-2997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3121676899","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Ibn-Tofail","ror":"https://ror.org/02wj89n04","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3121676899"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdelamine Elouafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Telecommunications Systems and Decision Engineering, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University,Kenitra,Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Telecommunications Systems and Decision Engineering, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University,Kenitra,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3121676899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092558648","display_name":"Ilyas Tammouch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2752-4413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3121676899","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Ibn-Tofail","ror":"https://ror.org/02wj89n04","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3121676899"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilyas Tammouch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Telecommunications Systems and Decision Engineering, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University,Kenitra,Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Telecommunications Systems and Decision Engineering, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University,Kenitra,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3121676899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114358417","display_name":"Soumaya Nouna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5733-1631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145365","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Hassan 1er","ror":"https://ror.org/03cdvht47","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145365"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soumaya Nouna","raw_affiliation_strings":["LAMSAD Hassan First University of Settat, ENSA,Department of Mathematics and Informatics,Berrechid"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LAMSAD Hassan First University of Settat, ENSA,Department of Mathematics and Informatics,Berrechid","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145365"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093750131","display_name":"Imane Laassar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5949-6392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3121676899","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Ibn-Tofail","ror":"https://ror.org/02wj89n04","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3121676899"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imane Laassar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Telecommunications Systems and Decision Engineering, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University,Kenitra,Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Telecommunications Systems and Decision Engineering, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University,Kenitra,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3121676899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120363862","display_name":"Assiya Nouna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145365","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Hassan 1er","ror":"https://ror.org/03cdvht47","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145365"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Assiya Nouna","raw_affiliation_strings":["LAMSAD Hassan First University of Settat, ENSA,Department of Mathematics and Informatics,Berrechid"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LAMSAD Hassan First University of Settat, ENSA,Department of Mathematics and Informatics,Berrechid","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145365"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092558649"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3121676899"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74720046,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.25609999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.25609999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.15070000290870667,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.029899999499320984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.6773999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5648999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.49630001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.4952000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.48260000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4779999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.6773999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5648999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.49630001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.4952000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48730000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.48260000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3919000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.37929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37470000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76178495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4808784","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.36640000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781206393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748419","display_name":"Academic achievement","level":2,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48164120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4491893","display_name":"Concept learning","level":2,"score":0.2563000023365021}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/commnet68224.2025.11288897","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/commnet68224.2025.11288897","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 8th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technologies and Networking (CommNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8126277923583984}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"Morocco":[1],"there":[2],"is":[3,46],"an":[4,116,153,234],"enormous":[5],"issue":[6],"to":[7,32,75,86,93,118,127,159,188,227,257],"keep":[8],"students":[9,67,85,161,216],"engaged":[10],"and":[11,25,52,97,107,125,134,152,203,208,215,244,252],"focused":[12,88],"on":[13,66,140,163,181,239],"a":[14,47],"math":[15],"class":[16],"because":[17],"this":[18,72],"directly":[19],"affects":[20,50],"the":[21,42,55,60,69,77,82,99,103,120,123,129,137,178,182,190,198,201,209,255],"way":[22],"they":[23],"learn":[24],"perform":[26],"at":[27],"schools":[28],"overall.":[29],"A":[30],"2022":[31],"26":[33],"June":[34],"Strategic":[35],"Roadmap":[36],"for":[37,220],"Education":[38],"Reform":[39],"clarified":[40],"that":[41,49,80,229,246],"loss":[43],"of":[44,57,84,105,122,200,211],"concentration":[45],"scourge":[48],"performance":[51],"participation.":[53],"With":[54],"help":[56,126],"data":[58,100,124],"from":[59],"TIMSS":[61],"2023":[62],"assessment,":[63],"which":[64,175],"focuses":[65],"in":[68,89,132,136,237,254,260],"eighth":[70],"grade,":[71],"study":[73],"seeks":[74],"identify":[76],"major":[78],"factors":[79],"affect":[81],"ability":[83],"stay":[87],"mathematics":[90,261],"classes.":[91],"Prior":[92],"analysis,":[94],"we":[95,114],"cleansed":[96],"processed":[98],"by":[101,108,250],"eliminating":[102],"absence":[104],"entries":[106],"aggregating":[109],"related":[110],"categories.":[111],"After":[112],"that,":[113],"used":[115],"autoencoder":[117],"reduce":[119],"size":[121],"reveal":[128],"hidden":[130],"patterns":[131],"behavior":[133],"contexts":[135],"classroom.":[138],"Based":[139],"these":[141],"capabilities,":[142],"several":[143],"models,":[144],"such":[145],"as":[146,167],"random":[147],"forests,":[148],"decision":[149],"trees,":[150],"XGBoost,":[151],"unstructured":[154],"neural":[155],"network,":[156],"were":[157,177],"developed":[158],"categorize":[160],"based":[162],"their":[164],"attention":[165],"level":[166],"either":[168],"low":[169],"or":[170],"high.":[171],"SHAP":[172],"values":[173],"revealed":[174],"variables":[176],"most":[179],"influential":[180],"students'":[183],"attention,":[184],"making":[185],"it":[186],"easier":[187],"understand":[189],"findings.":[191],"The":[192,223],"results":[193],"highlighted":[194],"some":[195],"persistent":[196],"factors:":[197],"environment":[199],"classroom":[202],"instructional":[204],"delivery,":[205],"technology":[206],"accessibility,":[207],"quality":[210],"interactions":[212],"between":[213],"teachers":[214,251],"are":[217],"all":[218],"essential":[219],"maintaining":[221],"focus.":[222],"research":[224,238],"was":[225],"able":[226],"show":[228],"explicable":[230],"AI":[231],"can":[232,247],"be":[233,248],"extremely":[235],"asset":[236],"education,":[240],"providing":[241],"explicit":[242],"information":[243],"strategies":[245],"implemented":[249],"policymakers":[253],"position":[256],"facilitate":[258],"involvement":[259],"education.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-03T08:25:01.440150","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}